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This paper presents a qualitative review of research on science capital considering 51 studies with topics related to this concept, between 2015 and 2021. In addition to the increase in research evidenced by the number of publications on the topic during this period, and the dominance of the United Kingdom in leading research in the area, we observed that topics associated to science capital vary from choosing careers in science, identifying with science and promoting a science culture, to the role of school in developing science capital and the ways to evaluate it. It is common for science engagement, associated to science capital, to be seen through the alignment of three important Bourdieusian concepts: capital, habitus and field. In this sense, due to the relevance that the topic has had in science research, we assert the importance of a systematic review that can provide an overview of current investigations involving science capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life in society is a natural imperative as human beings are not supposed nor allowed to live in isolation from their pairs. Relations of power emerge once societies are constituted by constellations of interests. Public Relations arises, thus, in the necessity of conciliating and promoting different interests among publics. Specifically, by dealing with politics, the public relations provide the logics and tools needed for a complex and uncertain environment. It also helps to turn the public opinion favourable to the accomplishment of different agents' goals. Although public relations techniques and practices have existed for millennia, the theoretical field still needs debates to diagnose and comprehend its foundations. Scholars also urge for more researches in order to suggest directions to produce innovative knowledge that effectively contributes to the development of society. The authors believe that public relations is the field of knowledge that when better understood and operationalized can promote it for its ability to deal with distinct interests among publics. In this sense, not only the (in)congruencies between public relations and politics have impacted agents doing politics, but also required a better comprehension and understanding about the state of the knowledge. Given this, the paper aims to answer the following research question: how scientific production that deals with public relations and politics in conjunction is characterised? Methodologically, the article takes the premise that the publication of academic papers is the most used and valued instrument by researchers who want to publicize the results of their investigations. It is also understood that it is the way for a specific field to lay its foundations and become both recognised and established among a community of scholars. To assess the academic production that deals both with politics and public relations, a quantitative approach was carried out in 2,291 articles and reviews published between 1937 and 2019 in journals indexed in the Scopus database, extending the analysis made by previous scientific reviews. The bibliometrics analysis encompassed the evaluation of citations, co-authorship and co-occurrence of words. Four stages of research were identified in the paper (1937-1982; 1983-1996; 1997-2004; 2005-up-to-date) and the results indicate that the number of publications follows a growing trend presenting maturity in the study of both themes conjoint. Broadly, researches deal with multidisciplinary issues and are not limited to the field of Communication, encompassing streams of research in the following areas: Humans Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Health, Natural and Medical Sciences. The most referenced papers deal with confidence and risk in democracies, network analysis, public opinion and media, and relationship management. It was also found a humanistic approach to organisations' management and a more pragmatist approach regarding the profession. The results also bring differences in comparison to previous researches that had established two schools of thought; the American pragmatist and the French critical schools. This article points to two schools of thinking regarding public relations and politics, which may be established in the United States and the United Kingdom. However, the paper does not claim that the effort presented is closed to new insights but asks for qualitative researches to have a deeper understanding of the quantitative analysis employed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the role of CAPES in the quality assessment in postgraduate studies (stricto sensu) and its internationalization policy, considering mainly the Institutionalization Program of Internationalization (CAPES-PrInt), without neglecting elements that indicate the existence of a process of commodification and transnationalization of higher education, with trends for the formation of a global higher education market. To illustrate this discussion, we bring some elements of this process in Brazil and the United Kingdom. We understand that there are tensions and challenges that need to be considered when adopting internationalization as a fundamental criterion that distinguishes academic quality and excellence in stricto sensu postgraduate studies, as it may imply the shaping of new Postgraduate models and the restructuring of academic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural turn that marked the Humanities and Social Sciences in some European countries in the 1960s and 1970s was only established institutionally in Portugal in the late twentieth century. Yet, that turn had an early echo in certain Portuguese intellectual circles. The aim of this essay is to present the first initiatives and figures that introduced such ideas and guidelines in Portugal. It starts with a brief overview of the emergence of Cultural Studies in France and Great Britain. Then it presents the first initiatives and figures that welcomed in Portugal those research programs in a peripheral political and social context characterized by an authoritarian regime implicated in a colonial war. Finally, the paper highlights the role played by university students, writers, publishers and journals of culture and literature outside of the establishment, which emphasize the importance of margins and alternative environments in processes of cultural and scientific reception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aware of the contribution of the literate elite to British imperialism, this paper investigates, by examination of fictional texts and essays by Victorian writers and literary critics such as Alfred Tennyson and Matthew Arnold, the instrumentality of gender in the invention of racial difference that sought to justify the colonization of Ireland. Through the sources investigated, we found that the Celts were feminized as antitheses of the "manly" Anglo-Saxons because of their alleged emotional and intellectual weakness, being thus equated to metropolitan women in representations which amalgamated racism and sexism. Thanks to the concatenation between racial and gender stereotypes, the antinomy male/female allowed the elaboration of disjunctions aimed at naturalizing asymmetries between empire and colony under the alibis of "natural" gender complementarity and hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social capital theory emphasizes interpersonal trust as a facilitator of cooperation among individuals, crucial for the formation of autonomous associations within civil society and for the engagement of citizens in public affairs. Despite the importance of trust for the concept of social capital, recent empirical research has been demonstrating that its effect on civic participation is weak, at best. This paper suggests an interactive model, where the effect of trust is conditioned by motivational aspects of participation (expectations of benefits and perceptions of costs). Using data from the 2005 British Election Study (BES), a survey conducted in the United Kingdom, I test the conditional effect of interpersonal trust on individuals' willingness to engage in different types of collective action. The findings point to a conditional effect of trust that varies not only according to motivation variables, but also depending on the type of engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper refers to the theoretical and methodological legacies of British Cultural Studies in order to review the anchors that make this school and promoting a critical debate between culturalism and structuralism in order to realize the possibilities of analysis that reveal, as well as gaps that such linkages may present. This discussion is also about the epistemological level, referring to debates about the foundations of scientific knowledge and the importance of building a research grounded in a critical reflection on its production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most notable evidence of the extensive Scandinavian settlement in England is the large number of places that bear Scandinavian names. The Scandinavian invasions and settlements took place during the 9th, 10th, and 11th centuries and resulted in many place-names of Scandinavian origin in the North and East of England. The Vikings came to Britain from two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Norway, the Danes settling principally in East Anglia, the East Midlands, and a large part of Yorkshire, while the Norwegians were mainly concentrated in the North-West, especially around the islands and coasts of Scotland, Ireland and western England (Lancashire and Cumbria). The Old Norse, a language from which both Danish and Norwegian are derived, was spoken (with dialect variations) by the Viking settlers who occupied many places in the north of the British Isles during the Viking Age (spanning the late 8th to 11th centuries). In its general structure Old Norse was very similar to Old English, the two languages representing the northern and western divisions of Germanic at a comparable stage of heir evolution. The aim of the present paper is to give an account of recent researches dealing with the Scandinavian origins of place-names in the British Isles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initiatives concerning the development of Green Chemistry began in the early 1999, mainly in the United States, Britain and Italy, with the introduction of new concepts and values for the various fundamental activities of Chemistry, as well as for different sectors of correlated industrial and economic activities. Brazil has several competitive advantages to assume a leadership in developing products from biomass, given its megabiodiversity, its solar radiation intensity and climate diversity. Additionally, the country is pioneer in biofuels production from biomass in large scale, especially ethanol from sugarcane. In fact, several opportunities of green innovations by adding value to raw materials have been identified for the country. These opportunities when implemented will contribute to a significant change - from a commodity export economy to an innovative market oriented economy based on high-value bioproducts and bioprocesses - the bioeconomy. In this context, this paper presents a future vision for the development of Green Chemistry in Brazil and a proposal for creating the Green Chemistry Brazilian Network and the Brazilian School of Green Chemistry, within the context of a national strategy for developing this area in Brazil covering the period of twenty years, from 2010 to 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug safety profile is an important theme throughout the world. Recently, it has gained importance in the field of veterinary medicines. In Brazil, Ministry of Agriculture Law SDA 152/2008 submitted to the public consultation the draft of a National Program of Veterinary Pharmacovigilance. Taking into consideration the health risk to exposed human beings, the objectives of this paper are: characterization of veterinary pharmacovigilance and its usefulness for the Public Health, the description of established veterinary pharmacovigilance programs from the United States of America, the European Union and the United Kingdom, and the analysis of the Brazilian Program of veterinary pharmacovigilance draft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the current strategic dilemmas of Great Britain and their relation with the international ambitions of that country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]