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In Mexico, there is a lack in academic research about bisexual Health-Disease-Attention process. This paper analyzes the main problems about health-disease for bisexual people with a Social Medicine and a Collective Health approach. In order to do this analysis, this paper offers a systematization of research's discoveries related to the Health-Disease-Attention process in bisexual people. Problems on health-disease for bisexual people include worse mental health conditions in comparison to gay and lesbian people. As psychologists have few contextualized knowledge about bisexual health-disease situations, then they cannot adequately respond to bisexual people needs. Bisexual Health-Disease-Attention process is an historical and social product where the lack of visibility and the negative valuation functions as mechanisms to regulate people's sexuality, which can be reproduced in Health-Attention places, such as Mental Health ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and particularly, mitigation measures taken by government institutions in Mexico, such as the closure of all schools at all levels of education, have brought strong regressive consequences in terms of both education and gender equality. In this paper, we start from a theoretical framework of gender and family to analyze, along with the negative repercussions of this measure (especially for women and children), an embodied experience of upbringing and community education in Mexico. This experience seeks to preserve educational and labor rights violated by school closures such as sociability, guardianship and custody of minors, the right to a life free of violence, work-life balance, among others. Our aim is to suggest some keys for an ecofeminist and community solution to the education crisis in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tackles a survey on woman's space working segregation theyare integrated in the global capitalism of flexible accumulation inGuadalajara's Metropolitan Area. Against the mainstream analysis thatrelies on the central positions of men living in global cities of developedcountries, the paper reflects on marginal positions embodied by womenin second or third world cities. In doing so, it exposes, besides globaldynamics, some particularities coming from the local context that representthe urban segregation of active women in Guadalajara's MetropolianArea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a theoretical framework that links gender perspective-public budgets with the modernization of the public administration, taking as the starting point its parallelism with the result-oriented management and public finances. Also, it focuses in the advances in the implementation of budgets for gender in the world and it discussed its scope and limitations in the case of Mexico, based on the review of international agreements and their results in the institutionalization of the category of gender in public policies and plans in the federal and local government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the results of the evaluation of an instrument on gender institutional culture are analyzed using the principal components method. The structure and parameters of its validity and reliability, as well as the differences obtained by sex, are described. The sample consisted of 1,144 individuals from the educational, health, and research sectors in northwestern Mexico. The results showed four components: administrative processes, employment equity, benefits, working environment, and authoritarianism, which explain 40.90 of variance with a Cronbachs alpha of .88. With these obtained values, the instrument is considered valid and reliable to evaluate institutional culture and identify gender bias. Methodology can be replicated to adapt the instrument to other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the ways middle and upper class women in Guadalajara, Jalisco, make a home for their families and, in so doing, create their own gender identities. Instead of stressing how discourses and ideologies shape the home, this paper underscores the relevance of spatial practices. Thus, it shown how women find their gender identities not through the logic of the patriarchy or the private/public divide, but by creating and experiencing the gendered spaces that constitute the home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the characteristics of migration process in Baja California Sur, on the Pacific Ocean coast of northwest Mexico, where immigration has impacted the local economy through the development of tourism and intensive agriculture that target foreign markets. This has encouraged an annual rate of population growth of 10% during the last decade, feeding into employment in both formal and informal sectors. Referring to the cases of women who develop beach vending activities and agricultural workers, this paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of how migration and the informal labor market intertwine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the circumstances that have enabled the emergence of "female-headed households" in the homes of two localities in the municipality of Santiago Tangamandapio, Michoacán. It shows how women in these places achieved more visibility and prominence, which in many cases is not perceived by the women themselves. The paper also assesses how the participation of women in the labor force and their contribution to the household has increased thanks to changes in representations of what being and acting as a woman entails, because they are no longer devoted only to household and childcare, but building other representations of women as workers, leaders, or heads of households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to explore who the Zapatista young women are, as well as their daily life, their differences with older women, and their demands today, 15 years after the Zapatista uprising in 1994. In this paper I used an interpretive approach to study young women in a Zapatista Autonomous Municipality. The results indicate that the young women now participate in decisions related to autonomy, and how they exercise the right to choose whom they marry and when. However, this involvement leads to contradictions that are not always to their advantage. This generation of young Zapatista women will have to struggle to change structures and roles within their families and communities, in order to overcome the gender inequalities that indigenous women have lived in until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than three million children work for wages in Mexico, many of them in agriculture for exportation. This paper analyzes children's work at Agroexportalizas Mexicanas, S. A. de C. V., one of the most important companies in the field, which has operated in the state of Sinaloa since the mid-sixties. The paper focuses on three issues: segregation patterns by gender, ethnicity and age; the girl's double burden; and children's use of time after work. It concludes that the gender division of labor, a social construction which is oppressive for women, is reproduced both in the kind of work that children perform and in their appropriation of space for recreation after work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with sexual behavior from a gender perspective in women from a town located at the south of Veracruz State, Mexico. I point out how the female sexual behavior is a result from that particular male society and how it imposes moral codes to women, due to their male hegemony which needs to control female sexual behavior. I analyze that sexuality is a social construction and a changing historical product, therefore sexual moral codes are present as changing elements that show in advance the social picture and the female fantasies over their moral obligations. Also, transgressions from the "ruling" perspective are explained in accordance with the idea that accepted sexuality is genderized from a moral point of view but not relevant with the actual activities of the collectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I present some of the findings of my doctoral research "Parental Arrangements of gay men in Mexico City: destabilization or continuity?" While identifying the similarities and differences in the arrangements of people of the sexual diversity, I analyze and criticize the terms homoparentality and homoparental family, and I point out some of the implications of using such terms without identifying the legacy of its creation and I propose some other options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the feminist perspective on the political economy of communication as well as on quantitative data, the goal of this paper is to analyze the women's participation in Mexican media industries, as owners, managers, including their participation in decision making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a group of women who created the Union Nacional de Mujeres Mexicanas, its formation and historical development, by interviewing one of its founders and the book written about it. The aim of this article is to reveal the interactions between feminism and socialism. There is little information about this organization and it is mostly unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patriarchal family has been a basic organizational structure for many handicraft workshops among the peasant villages in Mexico. From a micro-approach and anthropological view, this paper analyses the influence of two kinship cultural practices that take place in the transmission and organization of pottery production. This article compares how the patriliny and agnatic kinship principies operate in the learning of the occupation and generation of family workshop among the artisans of two legendary communities specialized in the elaboration of cook pots for Mexican traditional food. The masculinization of this occupation depends on different cultural issues and among them stand out the kinship principies like patriliny, heritage and residency, which are cultural practices that explain the predominance of the masculine figure in pottery production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has the main purpose to analyze the social programs that helped the reconstruction phase of the disaster in Angangueo, Michoacan, after the flood and landslides surrounding the community. The methodological strategy used in this work was qualitative, using investigation techniques like documentary research, interview and non participant observation. With these tools some programs, implemented by government agencies, were identified. Such programs helped the affected population and are the following: Empleo Temporal (PET) , DICONSA SA de CV “atención a desastres", Hábitat, Ahorro y Subsidio para la Vivienda, Tu Casa, Opciones Productivas, además del Fondo Nacional de Apoyos para Empresas en Solidaridad (FONAES) y el Fondo de Desastres Naturales (FONDEN), the last one financed the majority of the programs implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on women and work are substantial; however, the relevance of the subject allows continue investigating and know the current experiences of its protagonists. It is precisely the purpose of this paper analyze contemporary reflections of mothers-fathers with respect to the exercise of motherhood and work. From the socio-cultural perspective, as part of a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were made to middle-class parents. Reported their reflections and the reasons why renounce women the labour field. Become critical reflections on the topic and proposed alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we assess the impact on socioeconomic conditions, quality of life and empowerment of women who were beneficiaries of credit programs aimed at women’s productive projects. These projects were developed between 2000 and 2003 by four federal agencies (Sedesol, CDI'INI, Fonaes y SRa) in the states of Tabasco, Campeche and Quintana Roo in Mexico. Likewise, we examine the opportunities for individual, family and community development of the women involved in these projects. We identified the operating characteristics of these programs in order to identifies deficiencies in their performance and suggest viable alternatives for a better implementation and a higher social impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses three recent trends in the business world: the presence of greater numbers of women in this activity, the formation of organizations to support their work and the construction of a new profile of women entrepreneurs. I will question about how the increase of women in business has not been reflected in a greater position of them in the direction of the traditional sector organizations. However, it detects a tendency to seek and incorporate non-governmental organizations to support their work with gender claim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, poverty analyses and policies against poverty have incorporated women as a relevant factor. Nevertheless, some criticisms have been raised against them: first, most of the time, they have relied on an instrumental perspective which does not guarantee better conditions of gender equity; second, poverty analyses have generally become reactive tools that seek to compensate for a current situation, not to prevent it from occurring in the future. This paper therefore proposes to go beyond poverty analyses to identify distinctive features of households derived from social constructions that have an effect on vulnerability, particularly in households headed by women. We point out the importance of an analysis from a gender perspective in order to identify the features which make households more vulnerable to suffering or worsening their conditions of poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how women in the state of Guerrero perceive and actualize their lives as impoverished persons. The purpose is to find out how these women experience their conditions of deprivation, how they perceive them and construct representations of them based on their experience as women and gender relations. By paying attention to the voices of impoverished women, one can identify the day-to-day processes of poverty that can deteriorate family and social relationships, but also act as powerful agents, generating creative strategies to mitigate the impact of real life conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, the "in-charge" system has historically been represented by men. However, when the men emigrate towards the United States, the responsibility can fall on the women of the family. The aim of this paper is to identify changes in the gender relations between women and men in charge of organizing the festivity of the Virgin of Guadalupe on December 12 in La Laja, Queretaro, Mexico, in a context of international masculine migration. It is an ethnographic study on this festivity through direct participant observation and in-depth interviews. In the absence of their husbands, women make individual and group decisions in order to fulfill their religious duties. Because of these new responsibilities, there would seem to be some elements that empower women. Nevertheless, the traditional gender relations keep on being reproduced, undermining the advances made towards the women's autonomy. The women's compulsory participation in the "in-charge" system subjects them to further feminization of gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Amartya Sen's theoretical insights, this paper analyzes indigenous women's poverty in the Sierra Negra, Puebla, as well as their development capacity resulting from their participation in the "Sociedad de Productores Indígenas Ecológicos Sierra Negra Sociedad Civil" (SPIESN, S. C.). Data was collected using a quanti-qualitative approach: a survey, eight in-depth interviews, three participatory workshops and field participant observation were conducted. Results indicate that women value literacy, own-income generation, and land ownership. However, they also face structural limitations when attempting to develop capacities in these areas. Their participation in the organization has given positive results to this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data on a very wide spectrum of behavior, attitudes and stereotypes through which gender discrimination manifests itself, this paper introduces and sketches in broad strokes the current situation of gender equality and gender violence in elementary and secondary schools in Mexico. The sample included 395 public elementary and secondary schools nation. wide; questionnaires were applied to 26 319 boys and girls. Among the most important findings are that: a) two thirds of the boys and the girls reported having been physically assaulted in the last two years; b) 6.3% of the boys and girls said spontaneously that the first thing they would change about their school would be to reduce violence, and c) that psychological aggression has the highest incidence and is directed towards both boys and girls, but has a greater effect on the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the discourse around and the image of Malinali (la Malinche) as a historical and literary figure. The study encompasses journalistic and literary discourse since the beginning of the 20th century --although it actually started in the 19th-- and reflection upon Mexican identity and its artistic and cultural representation in the second half of the 20th century, as well as how children and young people view Malinali in the 20th century. It shows the diversity of opinion and different versions of the character, according to the views of the social actors in question, and the historical change in this outlook taking place in our time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Mexican cinema, not as a form of consumption, but as a cultural practice that produces and reproduces meaning, as well as film viewing "as an interaction, re-signification and negotiation" of this meaning, and film audiences as the construct and the subject of an interpretative community. The analysis is based on empirical materials obtained from different audience segments in Guadalajara, and on two landmarks of contemporary Mexican film: Amores Perros (2000) directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu, and iY tu mamá también! (2001) directed by Alfonso Cuarón, discussing how gender as a referential and analytical category had an important effect on the audience's film viewing and film-related discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of an analysis of a government-led microcredit initiative in the state of Tabasco. It incorporates the viewpoints of various government employees who were involved in the initiative's design and responsible for the offices and field staff who implemented it, and especially the viewpoints of the women who were the beneficiaries of the program. Thus, the program operation and the women's perspective of its impact are reconstructed. The information contained in the text stems from a review of the guideline documents of the program, structured, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with the women beneficiaries, government employees, the operating and coordinating staff of the offices, and intermediary finance administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the "value" that as a historical construction has been assigned to childhood, specifically in a local newspaper of Guadalajara in the years immediately following the Mexican Revolution. Far from the discussion of the last years of the 19th century on the children as workers, in the first decade of the 20th century children were defined as having a "priceless" sentimental value, associating to this certain practices and representations also linked to consumerism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the links between divorce law, gender differences, and justice for women in a working-class neighborhood of Guadalajara, Mexico. It presents evidence from women, lawyers, and judges, that shows how the application of divorce law does not necessarily mean justice for women. The testimony presented has to do with women's experience, but also with that of lawyers and judges who are in charge of divorce cases. The article is part of ethnographic research on how men and women take decisions in the process of divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the advances of a research project about the efforts of a women's association of the coastal region of Jalisco within the frame of the Alternative Rural Financing System (SIFRA), and in particular the expansion and reformulation of livelihood strategies that women are developing with this micro-credit program's support. It discusses the relevance of the concepts of assets and social capital to analyze the program's results, as well as their usefulness to identify the shared resources and understand the processes through which they are established, used, and tested. It also argues that such processes are vulnerable to conflicts and the exercise of power, and that keeping this in mind may help to avoid turning social capital into a normative concept and to define its analytical capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Guadalajara and the relationship it maintains with migrant workers and the money they send home from the United States are the main focus of this paper, which seeks to identify the role of international migration in families, and whether it results in an improvement in standards of living. What are the consequences of migration and the money sent home by migrants on urban families? It is assumed that they have a direct effect on the families' well-being, and lead to significant changes. Special attention is paid to the households, their composition and the family relationships within them. The combination of these elements may shed light on the power structures within families and their possible economic causes in a context of international migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]