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In this paper an analysis is made of the role played by bovids at large (i.e., the species Bos taurus that includes cows, calves, oxen, and specially bulls) during the Middle Ages. The aim is to reveal the symbiosis existing between the symbolic and biological roles played by the bull. For this reason, the first part of the work, dealing with the animal as a provider of meat, the material relationship between people and cattle is exemplified in the exploitation of the animal not only for dietary purposes but also as a provider of other goods, as well as its connections to the Mesta. In the second part, addresses the role of the bull within the nonmaterial realm as well as the differences existing between its religious and civil connotations. Lastly, we address the interrelationships between the natural and mental or symbolic spheres as exemplified by medieval bullfights. The differences between these early events and those taking place nowadays are evident and thoroughly surveyed. Medieval Madrid was not alien to any of these traditions that include beef production, leather, blood, art and symbol and the material expression of such developments is embodied by a specific breed named the jarameño. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]