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The present paper analyzes the modeling of a distribution network as an energy market, moving from a monopolistic structure to a scenario with an increasing number of competitors. To achieve this objective, the scenario of a network considering the transition from centralized to distributed supply was evaluated. Comparison of the characteristics of the energy market, such as price and quantity, considering the distributed and centralized generation was done, also taking into account the increasing levels of penetration of renewable energies. The results showed that as the level of penetration increases, the price of energy decreases, although very slowly, because of the price-demand elasticity of energy. Finally, it is concluded that the structure of the energy market is changing due to the new technologies of generation of energy and distributed generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an assessment of optimal location and sizing of distributed generation in distribution systems. For such an assessment the following search techniques were implemented: i) simulated annealing, ii) variable neighborhood search, iii) genetic algorithm and iv) hybrid genetic algorithm. Two objectives have been considered in the optimal location and sizing problem: the minimization of electric power losses and the improvement of voltage profile. To compare the effectiveness of the methodologies a 34 bus distribution test system is used. The correct location and sizing of the distributed generation allowed substantially improving the voltage profile of the network and reducing in 80% the power losses in the test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology for optimal Distributed Generation (DG) allocation using a hybrid genetic algorithm. In this case, the objective function is the minimization of power losses. The proposed algorithm involves an artificial neural network to evaluate the fitness function and a local search subroutine that allows the algorithm to explore a wider search space, and eventually, escape from local optimal solutions. The proposed approach was tested on a 34-bus system showing that the proper allocation of DG units allows the reduction of active power losses and the improvement of voltage profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]