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The papers reprinted in this volume have been selected with two considerations in mind: they record ethnographical observations from my field work among the Tallensi and in Ashanti that are not easily accessible elsewhere but continue to be useful for comparative studies and as background to current research in Ghana; and they represent applications of methods of analysis and schemes of interpretation that were emerging in British structural anthropology at the time of their publication. The Monographs on Social Anthropology were established in 1940 and aim to publish results of modem anthropological research of primary interest to specialists.

Professor Lévi-Strauss's first major work, Les Structures élémentaires de la Parenté, has acquired a classic reputation since its original publication in 1949; and it has become the constant focus of academic debate about central theoretical concerns in social anthropology. It is, however, a long and difficult book for many students to read in French, and its arguments have consequently become known, even among professional anthropologists, largely through critical analysis. It was republished in a revised French edition in 1967 with a new foreword by the author, and it is this text with his further emendations that has been used in this translation.Lévi-Strauss applies his intellectual powers to the perennial problem of incest, which he elucidates by means of the concept of exchange as formulated by Marcel Mauss in his famous analysis of the gift (Essai sur le don, 1925). He distinguishes two elementary modes of exchange which govern not only the conventional variety of goods and services but also the transfer of women in marriage: these are “restricted” and “generalized” exchange. With a mass of ethnographic evidence he demonstrates how the formidable intricacy of marriage customs, comprising moral and jural ideas and institutions (which appear to be essentially arbitrary), can be seen as local and historical rules of exchange.Charles Lévi-Strauss traces these rules throughout a vast range of simple societies, chiefly in Australia and mainland Southeast Asia but also in the Americas, in Oceania, and in other parts of the world. To this survey he adds two extended sections on the great civilizations of China and India. He continues with a briefer consideration of the passage from elementary to complex structures, with particular reference to African societies, and concludes with a stimulating chapter on the principles of kinship, exchange as the universal basis for marriage prohibitions, and the formal relations between the sexes as part of a universe of communication.Although much of the work is technical, consisting of detailed analyses of types of social organization with which social anthropologists will be most familiar, it also contains much that will be of interest to psychologists, linguists, and philosophers, and to all who are interested in the possibility and the technique of the structural analysis of human activity. After the successes, moreover, of Lévi-Strauss's subsequent books—notably Structural Anthropology, Tristes Tropiques, Totemism, and The Savage Mind—this new edition of the work which founded his present outstanding reputation will have additional value as a further means of contact with one of the original minds of this century.The translation has been made by James Harle Bell and John Richard von Sturmer, of the University of New England, Australia, and by Rodney Needham, of the University of Oxford. Dr. Needham also acted as general editor and supplied the work with a new general index. He is the translator of Lévi-Strauss's Le Totemisme aujourd'hui and author of Structure and Sentiment (1962) and numerous papers which have contributed to the recognition of Professor Lévi-Strauss's work in the English-speaking world.

This collection of translations from articles by Russian scholars continues the valuable contribution to Western knowledge of the anthropology of the North which is being made under the sponsorship of the Arctic Institute of North America. The subjects treated include:'The Ethnic Affiliation of the Population in the Northwest of the Yakut A.S.S.R.'(with related papers);'Ancient Petroglyphs and Modern Decorative Art in the Amur Region';'Contributions to the History of the Buryat People';'On the Origin of the Kirgiz People';'The Origins and Ethnic Composition of the Koybals';'Volga-Oka Place Names and Some Problems of the Ethnogenesis of the Finno-Urgic Peoples of the Nganasans,'nomadic hunters of tundra and forest like many of the other tribes studied. Volume II in the series Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources.

This book was first published in French in the wake of events which have come to be known in Quebec as the'October crisis of 1970.'Yet this crisis was simply one particularly spectacular episode in the recent history of Quebec. The province has been shaken repeatedly in the last ten years: it has passed, in the author's view, from at least apparent religious unanimity to rapid dechristianization, from ignorance to massive schooling from Mr Duplessis to the independence movement, from the protest of Cité libre to the ascendancy of Mr Trudeau... but the events of October 1970 have led Quebeckers to query with more anguish thanever before the meaning of the chaotic state of flux in which they live. Fernand Dumont, a sociologist, takes up this search from a personal standpoint. Rather than propose a theory, he attempts a reconstruction of recent Quebec history from the inside. The first three sections reflect the itinerary of a private conscience in quest of a native land and of a form of socialism suited to Quebec. The fourth section is devoted to the October crisis. This book is part of the broader process in which Quebeckers are engaged – attempting to arrive at a deeper understanding of their roots and collective existence in order to forge a better society. Fernand Dumont is perhaps the most sensitive and influential conscience at work in Quebec, and indeed Canada, today. Also included is'A letter to my English-speaking friends,'which urges English-speaking Canadians to join in genuine dialogue with French-speaking Canadians. Dumont's thoughtful reflections on Quebec's social and political life invite'les Anglais'to a new view of Quebec.

Frank MacKinnon is an urbane observer of the human condition. He believes in participatory democracy, but does not think that it or any other system will work if it is put on an ideological pedestal -- or if its limitations are not discussed frankly, and then remedied effectively. In the opening chapters he describes in general ways the positions and strategies adopted today by people with various kinds of powers. He then examines in considerable detail several of man's major institutions -- governments and professions, churches, universities, and cultural bodies. Some of his conclusions are: - Man has become very theoretical- Man tends to take dogmatic positions based on his theories, so that social action becomes a contest rather than a dialogue -- a relationship among theories and institutions often rendered unintelligible by jargon and unworkable by regulation, rather than a communication among men. - Man fancies administration and devotes much energy to entangling himself in his own red tape, often with fatal results- Man allows himself to waste his talents and the world's resources- Man can obviously afford to do none of those things The remedy which Professor MacKinnon proposes is the re-introduction into the affairs of man of colour and culture. These, he argues, are not only the most practical of political instruments, but the only consistently successful means of communication among men of all races throughout all time.

This classic introduction to the rich culture and history of the Phillipines Islands is a must have for any traveler or cultural scholar.Few countries are as rich in cultural heritage as the Republic of the Philippines. The original inhabitants came from various parts of Southeast Asia, and outlying areas preserve many of their unique and interesting customs. In the age of exploration the Europeans came. The hopes of the Filipino people were finally realized when, on July 4 1946, the flag of the Philippine was raised.Author, Galdys Zabilka has created an informal and interesting compilation for the overseas traveler or the armchair tourist.The reader will be introduced to quaint Filipino customs, tourist attractions, folk songs, foods, and sports along with a general review of Philippine history and racial background. Almost every aspect of Filipino life is touched upon in this handy little volume. Delightful illustrations for each chapter were done by M. Kuwata. Musical scores of several Philippine folk songs are included in the last chapter.

This expansive history of Guam provides a rare look at the people and culture of this tiny, but strategically important Pacific Island.In a highly readable style author Beardsley—himself a sometime resident of Guam—introduces the reader to the island in three stages. Part One,'The Island in Profile,'furnishes practical information on the geography, flora, fauna, aboriginal inhabitants, early culture, and legends of Guam.Part Two,'Discovery and Conquest,'traces its history from the days of European exploration, beginning with Magellan's discovery of the island in 1521 and continuing down through the Spanish colonial period to the arrival of the Americans in 1898 following Spain's cession of Guam to the United States.Part Three,'Twentieth-Century Guam,'is concerned with the island under U.S. administration and, during World War II, Japanese occupation; its recapture in 1944; its reconstruction and progress toward true territorial status; and its present-day position as a vital American outpost in the Western Pacific.Important and informative for resident and visitor alike, this enjoyable and attractively illustrated introduction to Guam also holds interest for the general reader who is susceptible to the lure of colorful events against equally colorful backgrounds.

Discover the delightful tales, characters, and themes of classic American storytelling in this comprehensive Dictionary of American Folklore. Ever wonder the origins of the fairy tales, myths, and legends passed down from generation to generation throughout America's long history? From Paul Bunyan to Johnny Appleseed, Marjorie Tallman covers it all in an engaging voice sure to please readers of all ages.

First published in 1974, The Bantu-Speaking Peoples of Southern Africa is a revised and rewritten version of I. Schapera's ethnographical survey of the Bantu-speaking tribes of South Africa. New South African contributors place on record all the known facts of the physical characteristics and traditional cultures of these peoples, as well as documenting the important social, cultural and economic changes that have occurred since the coming of the white man. This book will be of interest to students of anthropology, sociology, African studies, and history.

First published in 1958, From Ape to Angel is a popular history of social anthropology which sketches the extraordinary world of ethical, religious and marital customs revealed by the men and women who travelled to remote places to live among and observe primitive people. Here, in absorbing detail, are the findings of such scholars as Henry Schoolcraft, who unravelled the mysteries of kinship among American Indians; Edward Westermarck, who studied gorillas to seek the origins of monogamy; Sir James Frazer, who dealt with the meaning of ritual and symbolism; Franz Boas, who explored the nature of totem and taboo; Bronislaw Malinowski, who investigated the sexual life of savages; and many other whose adventurous study has added to man's knowledge of social man. This book will be of interest to students of anthropology, history and sociology.

First published in 1951, Man into Wolf attempts to suggest the possibility of historical, or rather prehistorical, evolutionist derivation of all crimes of violence, from the individual attack on life known as murder or manslaughter to the collective organized killing which we call war. The author has tried to show that the evidence from prehistory can be made intelligible on the theory of Jung's archetypes surviving in the collective conscience and revealing themselves all over the world in legends, myths and rites. He discusses, in the notes on the lecture, every possible aspect of the subject ranging from the perverseness of the Marquis de Sade to the Grecian Bacchantes, and from the Green Men and the agricultural ceremonies to a case study of John George Haigh. This book will be of interest to students of anthropology, gender studies, and psychology.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für'Wissenschaft am Scheidewege'verfügbar.

A notable contribution to our understanding of ourselves. This book explores the realm of human behavior in social situations and the way that we appear to others. Dr. Goffman uses the metaphor of theatrical performance as a framework. Each person in everyday social intercourse presents himself and his activity to others, attempts to guide and cotnrol the impressions they form of him, and employs certain techniques in order to sustain his performance, just as an actor presents a character to an audience. The discussions of these social techniques offered here are based upon detailed research and observation of social customs in many regions.

This book presents a study of historical sociology and a comparison of ancient Greece's and ancient China's intellectual developments. It provides a special historical-sociological theoretical model, allowing the exploration of how and why Greece's and China's developments followed two different trajectories. This model allows a superior explanation of this phenomenon than previous studies, which all employ the outdated methodology of mono-causal determinism. This work takes the critique of Eurocentric views in comparative studies, pioneered by Joseph Needham in Science and Civilization in China, to a new level of excellence, because, in addition to presenting new empirical findings and dispelling previous misunderstandings, it also provides a sophisticated theoretical analysis. It will appeal to scholars and students in the fields of comparative intellectual studies, sinology, historical sociology, classics, and intellectual history.

Where is Canada going in the next half-century? Have her people a sense of purpose for themselves or their country in the dangerous excitements of the affluent society and the nuclear age? A number of writers well known for their articles and books on the Canadian cultural, social, and political sense come together here to take up these vital questions. Their concern has been to reveal the purposeless, the mediocre, the inequitable beneath the glitter of our prosperity and to issue a challenge to all Canadians to become fully alive as individuals and as citizens to both the dangers and the potentialities of the post-Hiroshima world. This book is social criticism at its best—alert, authoritative, urgent.This common concern brought the authors together in the planning of an unusual book. The finished work shows that they share a left-of-centre viewpoint; it also shows that they write as individuals. The essays, it is confidently predicted, will be found greatly stimulating for the high quality of their analysis by serious readers of all persuasions who are concerned about the Canadian society.

Stephen Downes, now a renowned restaurant critic, returns to the city of lights and Michelin stars to test France's legendary reputation for fine dining. More than thirty years ago a green and unsophisticated Methodist boy from Oz had to be taught how to dress his salad correctly in a tiny Paris bistro, and felt the first stirring that he could'perhaps nurture an interest in food'. Stephen Downes, now a renowned restaurant critic, returns to the city of lights and Michelin stars to test France's legendary reputation for fine dining. Is Paris still home to the'great cathedrals'of restauration or sacr bleu is it a city of over-fussy, over-priced dinosaurs leftover from the days of haute cuisine? His exhaustive knowledge, dry humour and fervour for fine food make Stephen's diary a delicious, although sometimes unsavoury, read. You'll feel very keenly that you are experiencing an authentic Parisian treat.

Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (1884-1942) was a Polish-born anthropologist. Known for his ethnographic work in Oceania in the early twentieth century, his consequent publications in England and Europe earned him repute as a leading developer of social anthropology. Originally published in 1929, this book is regarded as a significant anthropological work of the twentieth century. Based on Malinowski's studies of Melanesian society on the Trobriand Islands off New Guinea, it chronicles the social and economic practices and customs of a rapidly vanishing race. Read & Co. Science is proudly republishing this vintage work now in a brand new edition complete with a specially-commissioned new biography of the author.

The city below the hill is a detailed investigation of social conditions in a working class quarter of Montreal during the 1890s. Based on a house-to-house survey of the neighbourhood, this study catalogues and analyses the life of working people after the first years of rapid industrialization. Sir Herbert Brown Ames was one of the first to recognize that urbanization was inevitable and to set about improving the quality of city life. In this study, first published in book form in 1897, he moves towards the concept of urban ecology—the city is an organism defined by, and expressing itself in, a myriad of social and economic phenomena. As an organic whole its well-being depends upon the well-being of all its citizens. Within this pioneering work are the seeds of the town planning and social welfare movements that later tried to change the urban landscape. The city below the hill is crammed with facts and statistical analyses of late nineteenth century urban workers. A landmark in the development of urban consciousness in Canada and of sociological research, it is one of the first major efforts to solve problems that are still with us.

Faith community nursing and health ministry programs in congregations have increasingly been recognized as having a significant impact on the health and well-being of individuals. Based on a case study in Omaha, Nebraska, Transforming Lives: Health Initiatives in Faith Communities documents how nurses and health ministers touch and transform the recipients of their services and the participants in activities they organize. Alexander Rödlach argues that much of their success is due to their ability to collaborate with leadership in congregations and health systems. These programs have the potential to become significant partners with health systems and governments in providing health services to communities.

Social workers tend to regard the exercise of authority as inimical to the values and ethnics of their profession, yet authority is inherent in every social work relationship. This collection of readings brings together the best, published articles bearing on this basic problem which continues to concern social scientists. It contains twenty-six articles and essays examining in depth, and from different points of view, the concept and use of authority. The articles were carefully selected from the voluminous literature on the topic, and are presented here in a form that will be meaningful and interesting to student and field worker alike. The readings are organized into two parts: in the first, an analysis of the concept of authority is made with the help of social and behavioural science literature; in the second, the conceptual understanding is related to social work practice. Among the authors represented are Erich Fromm, Carl J. Friedrich, Chester I. Barnard, Max Weber, Elliot Study, Kurt and Elizabeth de Schweinitz, and Fritz Redl. The collection was designed as a text for students of social work, but it will be of equal benefit to practising social workers, and to others in the humanitarian professions.

Among the topics considered in this classic study are world origins and supernatural powers, attitudes toward the dead, the medicine man and shaman, hunting and gathering rituals, war and planting ceremonies, and newer religions, such as the Ghost Dance and the Peyote Religion.'The distinctive contribution of [Red Man's Religion] is the treatment of topics, the insight and the perspective of the author, and her ability to transmit these to the reader.... Trais and aspects of religion are not treated as abstract entitites, to be enumerated and summated, assigned a geographic distribution, and then abandoned. No page is a dry recital; each is an illumination. Insight and wisdom are framed in poetic prose. An offering of information in such a medium merits gratitude.'—American Anthropologist

This critique of modern society argues that culture must be organic, and cannot be planned or imposed. The word culture has been widely and erroneously employed in political, educational, and journalistic contexts. In helping to define a word so greatly misused, T. S. Eliot contradicts many of our popular assumptions about culture, reminding us that it is not the possession of any one class but of a whole society—and yet its preservation may depend on the continuance of a class system, and that a “classless” society may be a society in which culture has ceased to exist. Surveying the post–World War II world, Eliot finds evidence of decay in cultural standards in every department of human activity, and expects the phenomenon to continue. He suggests that culture and religion have a common root—and if one decays, the other may die too. In observing the superpowers of his day and the course of recent history, he reminds us that “the Russians have been the first modern people to practise the political direction of culture consciously, and to attack at every point the culture of any people whom they wish to dominate.” The appendix includes Eliot's broadcasts to Europe, ending with a plea to preserve the legacy of Greece, Rome, and Israel, and Europe's legacy throughout the last two thousand years. “Behind the urbanity, the modesty, the mere good manners of Mr. Eliot's exposition, one cannot mistake the force and significance of what he has to say, or ignore that it constitutes a fundamental attack on most of our assumptions on the subject.” —The Spectator

Henry Selby's ethnographic study of the Zapotec Indians of a small community in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, reveals that the notion of the social basis of deviance is implicit in Zapotec thinking. Zapotecs recognize that crime and deviance arise out of society, and their methods of reducing criminal behavior are based on social networks and their dynamics. Professor Selby's consideration of witchcraft and deviant sexual behavior among the Zapotecs demonstrates how a deeper understanding of the rules upon which their society is based is necessary to an understanding of Zapotec ideas of deviance.The intent of this study is to show how in a contemporary traditional community the logic of the interactionist approach to the understanding of deviance has been borne out in detail. The transcultural comparisons, in many instances, can lead us to reexamine our own ideas about law and order.

Contents: Foreword ix; I. Social Science in Crisis 1; II. The Concept of'Culture'11; III. The Pattern of American Culture 54; IV. The Social Sciences as Tools 114; V. Values and the Social Sciences 180; VI. Some Outrageous Hypotheses 202; Index 251Originally published in 1939.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Long recognized as a classic account of the early Spanish efforts to convert the Indians of Peru, Father De Arriaga's book, originally published in 1621, has become comparatively rare even in its Spanish editions. This translation now makes available for the first time in English a unique record of the customs and religious practices that prevailed after the Spanish conquest.In his book, which was designed as a manual for the rooting out of paganism, De Arriaga sets down plainly and methodically what he found among the Indians—their objects of worship, their priests and sorcerers, their festivals and sacrifices, and their superstitions—and how these things are to be recognized and combated. Moreover, he evinces a steady awareness of the hold of custom and of the plight of the Indians who are torn between the demands of their old life and their new masters. The Extirpation of Idolatry in Peru is an invaluable source for historians and anthropologists.

The Encyclopedia of Sexual Behavior, Volume 1 is a comprehensive review of the major aspects of the biology, physiology, and anatomy of sex. This book is divided into 57 chapters that also cover the major facets of the emotional, psychological, sociological, legal, anthropological, geographical, and historical aspects of sexuality, including the related fields of love, marriage, and the family. This book deals first with the advances in sex research, the issues on abortion, abstinence, adolescent, sexuality, and the link between sex and aging. The subsequent chapters consider the demographic, geographical, and anthropological aspects of sex; life; the physiology, anatomy, and history of sex; the attitude toward sex; the concept of autoerotism; and the religious view of sex. Other sex-related topics covered include chastity and virginity, child sexuality, nakedness, coitus, contraception, courtship, culture, social dancing, and sex education. This book further discusses the emotional aspects of sex, such as divorce, marriage, extramarital sex relations, family, and reproduction. The remaining chapters look into the issues of hermaphroditism, homosexuality, illegitimacy, impotence, and jealousy. This book is of value to psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, medical practitioners, and researchers and workers in the allied fields.

The Encyclopædia of Sexual Behaviour, Volume Two is an encyclopedia of sexual behavior and covers topics ranging from the linguistic aspects of sex to sex life in Latin America, sex in the literature, and sexual love. Laws on marriage and family and on sex crimes are also discussed, along with sexual perversions and the art of loving. Comprised of 52 chapters, this volume first deals with Judaism's attitudes and teachings on sex, particularly with regard to the sexuality of women, nudity, and prostitution. The reader is then introduced to the connection between language and sex; sex life in regions such as Latin American, the Orient, and the Soviet Union; and the portrayal of sex in literature. Subsequent chapters explore sexual love as opposed to altruistic love; marriage and family living; menopause and the menstrual cycle; movement and feeling in sex; the interrelationship of music and sex; and the effects of nutrition and health on sexuality. Other chapters focus on phallicism and sexual symbolism; planned parenthood around the world; the psychology of pornography; human reproduction; and sex in relation to race and Protestantism. This book will be of interest to psychologists and psychiatrists.

On Life and Sex: Essays of Love and Virtue discusses the fundamental principles and practical application of love and virtue. This book contains two volume encompassing 16 chapters. The first volume deals first with the role of parents and grandparents in educating the children concerning love, sex, marriage, and virtues. This part also highlights marriage, the roles of husband and wife, and the play-function of sex. The second volume tackles topics such as family, taboos, obscenity, eugenics, and population control.

Anthropologist W.E.H. Stanner is perhaps most well known for coining the phrase the'great Australian silence', addressing the culture of denial or'conscious forgetting'regarding the history Australia since European arrival.This reprint of On Aboriginal Religion pays tribute to the ongoing relevance of Stanner's work. His research into Aboriginal religion was first published as a series of articles in the journal Oceania between 1959 and 1963. In 1963 the articles were published as the collection in as Oceania Monograph 11, which was later reprinted as a facsimile edition with introductory sections by Francesca Merlan and Les Hiatt (1989).As Stanner writes in his introduction to the 1963 collection,'I thought I should take Aboriginal religion as significant in its own right and make it the primary subject of study, rather than study it, as was done so often in the past, mainly to discover the extent to which it expressed or reflected facts and preoccupations of the social order'. It is this dedication to recording the beliefs and observing the practice of Aboriginal religion that has made this monograph so important.

Originally published in 1972, Native Planters in Old Hawaii is the fruit of a brilliant collaboration between Pacific anthropologist, E. S. Craighill Handy, his wife, Elizabeth Green Handy, and the beloved expert on Hawaiian language and culture, Mary Kawena Pukui. Today, this classic work remains invaluable to scholars and practitioners alike as both a precious ethnographic resource on Hawaiian planting practices and as an in-depth examination of Hawaiians'relationship to land. The book discusses basic patterns of Hawaiian planting culture, the gods worshipped, class and land divisions, water rights and irrigation techniques, tools, crafts, and general horticultural skills. It includes an examination of how people shaped their cultivation practices to the varied Hawaiian environment, and documents various myths and rituals connected to planting.

Originally published in 1974, Ritual in Industrial Society is based on several years'research including interviews and observations into the importance of ritual in industrial society within modern Britain. The book addresses how identity and meaning for people of all occupations and social classes can be derived through rituals and provides an expansive and diverse examination of how rituals are used in society, including in birth, marriage and death. The book offers an examination into the use of symbolic action in the body to articulate experiences which words cannot adequately handle and suggests that this enables modern men and women to overcome the mind-body splits which characterise modern technological society. In addition to this, the book examines ritual as a tool for articulating and sharing religious experiences, a point often overlooked by more intellectual approaches to religion in sociology. In addition to this, the book covers an exploration into ritual in social groups and how this is used to develop a sense of belonging among members. The book will be of interest to sociologists as well as academics of religion and theology, social workers and psychotherapists.

This classic book on Hawaiian families and culture is an essential text for anyone interested in pre-American Hawaii.The Polynesian Family System in Ka-'U, Hawai'i is a collaboration of the distinguished scholars Dr. Mary Puku and Dr. E.S. Craighill Handy. It provides us with this fascinating review of traditional Hawaiian life. Manners and customs relating to birth, death, marriage, sexual practices, religious beliefs, and family relationship are all clearly described. The main sources of information were elderly Hawaiian informants of then remote Kacu district of the island of Hawaii.This Hawaiian history and culture book provides professional scholars and laymen a like with an unrivaled picture of traditional Hawaiian society. Based on original work in the field with living Hawaiians, it combines research into the literature by two authors of unusual qualifications with field work conducted under unique circumstances. This edition will be welcomed by librarians, anthropologists, and indeed all who have a serious interest in Polynesian life.

The subject of this work is anomalies—those things that are between one state and another, neither dead nor alive, neither animal nor human. In this instance, they are the'spooks'(espantos) that inhabit the Maya area: the charcoal-cruncher, a disembodied head that goes off into the night to eat charcoal; the characotels, men who have turned into animals in order to steal chickens; and others. The victims chosen by spooks are likewise between two states: they are caught while asleep or drunk; or they may be humans who ignore social conventions and behave in'un-human'manner. The Black-man of Zinacantan focuses on a small, super-sexed demon who possesses a six-foot-long, death-dealing penis and a penchant for mischief-making. This demon is known in Highland Chiapas as h'ik'al, the Black-man. Although h'ik'al's prototype may have been the bat deity, an ancient Maya god of sacrifice, the demon has been adapted to contemporary life. Sarah Blaffer analyzes the position of anomalies in societies and shows h'ik'al as a norm-offending, yet norm-reinforcing, specter, who by his character and actions demonstrates the proper sex roles for Zinacantec men and women. The data for the study was recorded in Zinacantan, a Tzotzil-speaking Maya community, and in other Maya towns in southern Mexico and Guatemala; the study includes an analysis of tales recorded and translated by Robert M. Laughlin. The drawings that decorate the text were adapted by Virginia Savage and Joseph Barbieri. Besides being a comprehensive treatment of Maya demonology, the book demonstrates the newer approaches in comparative mythology of Claude Lévi-Strauss and others.

This book takes the argument first set out in Lineage Organization in South-Eastern China a step further. It incorporates some of Professor Freedman's field data (gathered in the Hong Kong New Territories in 1963) and draws on a wide variety of written sources. As in his first book on the subject, the author seeks to analyse certain crucial institutions of Chinese society within the framework of contemporary anthropological theory.

Originally published in 1951 this book analyses the social values and institutions involved in the establishment and maintenance of marital relationships. Most of the data is derived from Umor, the largest of the five Yakö villages. As well as considering the conventions through which mariatal values are expressed, the relation of marital status to the general structure of Yakö society is also discussed. The book also determines the extent to which the values posited by the Yakö themselves are actually operative and discusses the changing conditions which have modified traditional standars of marital behaviour.

The study assesses the impact of Chinese Communist rule on one of China's national minority peoples, the Kazakhs, living in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture northwest of Mongolia. The author illuminates Sino-Soviet relations as well as the national minority policy of the Chinese Communist Party, for by the winter of 1963-1964, when the basic research for the present monograph was undertaken, events in the Kazakh area of Sinkiang had made it an issue in the relations between the two states.

Society, Schools, and Progress in Australia focuses on the principles, methodologies, practices, and measures employed in education in Australia. The book first offers information on historical influences and organization of public education. Discussions focus on local communities and schools, teaching in state schools, administration within states, educational policy, secondary education, geographical and social background, centralization, question of state aid, and background of the education acts. The book then ponders on schools and society, pattern of higher education, and teachers. Topics include economic change, organization of technical education, future development of technical colleges, adult education, diversification of tertiary education, teaching in universities, and reorganization of secondary education. The text examines education and national growth, including changing balance of the federation, social teaching, quality of teachers, aspects of national development, and social change and educational change. The manuscript is a dependable reference for students, teachers, and educators wanting to study the form of education in Australia.

Ideal Marriage deals with the physical problems of marriage. The first edition of this book was published in 1928. It is the first part of a trilogy. It focuses on the sexual basis of married life and aims at increasing the forces of mutual attraction in marriage, through the evolution and improvement of physiological relationships. This book is organized into 17 chapters. The chapters focus on the physiology of conjugal life, because knowledge here is the indispensable basis, both theoretical and practical, for success in marriage. They attempt to fill the gap which still exists in scientific literature for the medical man or woman, and at the same time give doctors an opportunity to refer those patients who need instruction in this particular matter. This book provides all the data bearing upon the physiology and technique of sexual congress, scientifically presented. This book will be of interest to medical professionals and those interested in ideal marriage.

What are the basic, unique characteristics of the Chinese mind, of the Chinese philosophical tradition, and of the Chinese culture based upon that thought-tradition? Here, in a series of living essays by men of exceptional competence, is an interdisciplinary approach to the essentials of Chinese philosophy and culture.These essays are selected chapters from the Proceedings of the four East-West Philosophers'Conferences held at the University of Hawaii (1939, 1949, 1959, 1964). This volume, published jointly with the University of Hawaii Press, is one in a series of three; the two succeeding volumes will be The Indian Mind and The Japanese Mind. All are intended for the educated reader as well as for the philosophy student and scholar. Though not designed as textbooks, they will provide an excellent base for courses in this area.

First Published in 1968, People of Florence raises the question what makes a city? This is neither a guidebook nor a typical sociological treatise, but the portrait of a people. Trinkets of history are lightly painted in to give background to what the author calls ‘locality': Florence of today as formed by her past and by the physical conditions of Tuscany. Two principal chapters are intimately concerned with the flood of 1966. The author also takes us through the relation between the individual liberties in Florence and the bureaucratic controls of the Government in Rome, along with the architecture, art, music, theatre, song birds, flowers, trees, food and drink, public ceremonies, games, ancient rites, and human stories. This book will be an interesting read for scholars and researchers of sociology, urban history, social anthropology, cultural studies and for general readers interested to know about Florence.

What are the borders of risk? How is the perception of risk related to new technologies and digital changing? This book discusses these topics, moving from theories to research data, looking for concrete answers now, or taking a picture of reality. The volume is divided into three main sections: Exploring the Edges of Risk, according to sociological, psychological and artificial intelligence perspective; Technological and Digital Risks, exploring social media, cyberbullying, hate speech, social bots on digital platforms; Risk in the Cities, working with risk and deviance, risk communication, environmental and nuclear risks. Inside, research data from Europe, USA and Mexico are discussed.

Arts of Japan is a classic and informative text that explores the rich cultural heritage and history of Japanese Art.This art history text examines the various influences that have shaped the course of Japanese art history in the fields of painting, sculpture, architecture, and handicrafts. Discussed with challenging insight are the impact of the various Indian and Chinese schools, the pervasive influence of Zen philosophy, and the many other artistic developments, giving the reader a well-rounded picture of the great significance and contribution of Japanese art.Special features of the book are sections on handicrafts and a chapter on prehistoric art. The book comes at a time when there is an awakened interest in Asian art throughout the world. In the past, due to linguistic barriers, political upheavals, and the limited number of specialists, misconceptions have been especially numerous in the field of Japanese art. The Arts of Japan admirably corrects these misinterpretations, consolidates the results of the most recent scholarship, and in one compact volume presents an up-to-date, authoritative survey of Japanese and throughout its long history and in all its colorful diversity.

'A richly entertaining series of Hawaiian tales with explanatory facts, which will delight and inform both the folklore fan and the general reader'—The Honolulu AdvertiserHawaiian Legends of Volcanoes made its first appearance in 1916, in both American and British editions, as the third in a series that represented a pioneering study of Hawaiian folklore. The rich tradition of Hawaiian legends is showcased in it's purest form, making this an essential read for anyone living in Hawaii who wants to understand the local culture or anyone interested in classical folklore. The book also includes a study of Hawaiian geology, which is essential to understanding how the Hawaiian religion and classical Hawaiian stories developed.Legends and stories include: Ai–Au, The Forest Eater Pele and the Owl Ghost–God Hiiaka's Battle with the Demons The Annihiation of Keoua's Army Kapiolani and Pele and many more…Other volumes in the series about Hawaiian culture and history are Hawaiian Legends of Ghosts and Ghost-Gods and Hawaiian Legends of Old Honolulu.

The Mexican folkways described in this monograph, of scientific interest to anthropologists, will fascinate laypeople as well. Isabel Kelly collected these notes in the 1950s, as a diversion when official field work was not feasible, in the vicinity of Torreón and particularly in the nearby village of El Cuije, in northern Mexico. She recounts folk customs and habits, focusing on beliefs and practices related to health and healing and on notions concerning magic. These form, Kelly believes, a core of folk culture which has survived tenaciously in the rural areas and on the outskirts of the cities, among mestizo families of scant education and limited economic resources. These people are well acquainted with simple, matter-of-fact illnesses which result from natural causes and which respond to treatment by herbal and other home remedies or by modern medicines. But they also recognize the evil eye and the emotional upset known as “fright.” They are thoroughly familiar with the ever-present danger of ailments which are not “natural” and God-sent, but which are deliberately inflicted by an enemy, through the artifice of a sorcerer or a spiritualist. Such “instigated” illnesses may take any form, from a cold in the head to a false pregnancy. If a person suspects that poor health results from such malevolence, he or she spurns Western medicine and looks instead to the witch or to the spiritualist as the only hope of a cure. El Cuije pays an annual quota from community funds to make available modern health services provided by the government. But community funds are similarly drawn upon to provide “medical” attention for those who repair to the sorcerers. Once a week the village truck takes all presumed witchcraft victims to a nearby town, where they receive clinical treatment from professional sorcerers. Kelly sees little that is genuinely indigenous in the beliefs and practices described; many of them demonstrably result from infiltration from the Old World in the years following the Spanish Conquest. She considers spiritualistic curing—important in northern Mexico and many other parts of Latin America—in some detail, but the specific outlines of its history in northern Mexico still awaited clarification at the time of her research.

In this study of the problems of social organization in a rural community of Alberta, a drought-afflicted wheat-growing area centring round the town of Hanna is described as it appeared to the sociologist in 1946.In this study of the problems of social organization in a rural community of Alberta, a drought-afflicted wheat-growing area centring round the town of Hanna is described as it appeared to the sociologist in 1946.Dr Burnet examines geographical and economic conditions in Hanna, and shows how farming practices, ways of living, and modes of tenure brought into the area from more humid regions proved ill adapted to the dry belt and delayed economic adjustment. In turn, the difficulties in the realm of economics had adverse social and cultural consequences in both the households and the community as a whole.The Hanna area was chosen for study, though not altogether typical, because it revealed more clearly than other areas not so severely hit by the drought of the 1930s the kind of disturbances within the Alberta social structure which made possible the rise of the Social Credit movement.

The classic anthropological analysis of religion from a pioneer in the field From the preface:“Scientific efforts to learn just what are the forms and functions of religion have not been few; it is the purpose of this book to review some of them and to synthesize the suggestions and findings....My own personal feeling is that sociological viewpoints (including much of social anthropology) tend to focus on the scaffolding and milieu of religion rather than on religion itself and that religion can be best understood from a combination of psychological and cultural points of view....This book is not, I think, motivated by a need to destroy, by dissection, a way of thinking and acting that many educated people feel is of little use, or is even disadvantageous, in a world increasingly committed to the search for scientific and technological solutions of human problems. Rather, I aim to preserve a friendly detachment in the asking of fundamental scientific questions about religion.”

The feats of the hero Mwindo are here glorified in the bilingual text of an epic which was sung and narrated in a Bantu language and acted out by a member of the Nyanga tribe in the remote forest regions of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Admirably structured, coherent, and richly poetic, the epic is in prose form, interspersed with song and proverbs in verse. An example of the classic tradition of oral folk literature, the tale has important implications for the comparative study of African culture, as the text provides profound insights into the social structure, value system, linguistics, and cosmology of this African people.The feats of the hero Mwindo are here glorified in the bilingual text of an epic which was sung and narrated in a Bantu language and acted out by a member of the Nyanga tribe in the remote forest regions of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Admira