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Among the many commemorations of World War I, little was made of the 100th anniversary of the secret Treaty of London between Italy and the Western War Allies in April 1915, which sealed the fate of South Tyrol for the duration of the twentieth century by passing it from Austria to Italy. In May 2015, a symposium was held in the medieval Prösels Castle in the Italian Dolomites to mark this historical moment. Contributors set out to explore the political, social and cultural impact of South Tyrol's existence «on the threshold» during the twentieth century. Individually and collectively, the essays in this volume challenge the simplistic reading of South Tyrol as merely a geographic region torn between Germanic and Italian cultures; instead, they explore the dynamic effects of its geographical, political and cultural history since 1915. South Tyrol, as a modern regional state in Europe, faces many of the same problems as other European regions, be they individual states or sub-state regions. Most of the contributions in this volume are from academics and intellectuals within the Province of Bolzano/Bozen who negotiate and discuss these issues through their native languages: German, Italian and Ladin. By making their research accessible through English translations and abstracts, this volume seeks to bring their work on historical and contemporary developments in South Tyrol to a wider European and global audience.

This collection of fifteen papers ranges from the author's initial interest in the Tapestry as a source of information on early medieval dress, through to her startling recognition of the embroidery's sophisticated narrative structure. Developing the work of previous authors who had identified graphic models for some of the images, she argues that not just the images themselves but the contexts from which they were drawn should be taken in to account in'reading'the messages of the Tapestry. In further investigating the minds and hands behind this, the largest non-architectural artefact surviving from the Middle Ages, she ranges over the seams, the embroidery stitches, the language and artistry of the inscription, the potential significance of borders and the gestures of the figures in the main register, always scrutinising detail informatively. She identifies an over-riding conception and house style in the Tapestry, but also sees different hands at work in both needlecraft and graphics. Most intriguingly, she recognises an sub-contractor with a Roman source and a clownish wit. The author is Professor of Anglo-Saxon Culture at The University of Manchester, UK, a specialist in Old English poetry, Anglo-Saxon material culture and medieval dress and textiles.

Evil is not only an abstract concept to be analyzed intellectually, but a concrete reality that we all experience and wrestle with on an ongoing basis. To truly understand evil we must always approach it from both angles: the intellective and the phenomenological. This same assertion resounds through each of the papers in this volume, in which an interdisciplinary and international group (including nurses, psychologists, philosophers, professors of literature, history, computer studies, and all sorts of social science) presented papers on cannibalism, the Holocaust, terrorism, physical and emotional abuse, virtual and actual violence, and depravity in a variety of media, from film to literature to animé to the Internet. Conference participants discussed villains and victims, dictators and anti-heroes, from 921 AD to the present, and considered the future of evil from a number of theoretical perspectives. Personal encounters with evil were described and analyzed, from interviews with political leaders to the problems of locating and destroying land mines in previous war zones. The theme of responsibility and thinking for the future is very much at the heart of these papers: how to approach evil as a question to be explored, critiqued, interrogated, reflected upon, owned. The authors urge an attitude of openness to new interpretations, new perspectives, new understanding. This may not be a comfortable process; it may in fact be quite disturbing. But ultimately, it may be the only way forward towards a truly ethical response. The papers in this collection provide a wealth of food for thought on this most important question.

Archibald Henry Grimké was an American lawyer, intellectual, journalist, diplomat and community leader in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

The Fourth Crusade (1201-1204), launched to restore Jerusalem to Christian control, veered widely off course, finally landing at Constantinople which it conquered and sacked. The effects of the crusade were far-reaching during the Middle Ages and remain powerful even today, which explains the continued vibrancy of its historiography. This volume, based on studies presented at the Sixth Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East in Istanbul, Turkey in 2004, represents some of the best new research on this fascinating event. With the'Diversion Question'of the past centuries now largely settled, these studies focus on three aspects of current scholarship: evaluations of the event itself, investigations into the aftermath of the conquest of Constantinople in 1204, and analyses of the evolving perceptions and memories of the event in Europe and the Middle East. Together these essays help to place the Fourth Crusade within the larger context of medieval Mediterranean history as well as larger issues such as agency, accommodation, and memory that inform new aspects of modern historiography.

Archibald Henry Grimké was an American lawyer, intellectual, journalist, diplomat and community leader in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

'Rhetoric in Byzantium'explores the ways in which rhetoric functioned in Byzantine society - as a tool for the effective communication of ideas and ideologies, but at times also a barrier that inhibited the expression of real feelings and everyday realities, and imposed a burden of decoding on outsiders. After an introduction on the practical and textual background to Byzantine rhetoric, the essays are grouped in five sections. The first two deal with the basis of rhetoric in Byzantium and its public uses, principally in imperial and ecclesiastical ceremonial. The next sections look at how rhetoric affects the definition of literature in a Byzantine context and the aesthetic to be used in approaching Byzantine literature, with reference to current critical approaches, and specifically at the role of rhetoric in the writing of history - does it only obscure the facts, or does the rhetorical process itself provide information at other levels? The final essays examine the interaction of the written word and pictorial representation and the question of whether real connections between rhetorical training and artistic production can be demonstrated.

The eastern frontier of Byzantium and the interaction of the peoples that lived along it are the themes of this book. With a focus on the ninth to thirteenth centuries and dealing with both art history and history, the essays provide reconsiderations of Byzantine policy on its eastern borders, new interpretations and new materials on Byzantine relations with the Georgians, Armenians and Seljuqs, as well as studies on the writing of history among these peoples. Presenting research from Russia and Georgia as well as Europe and the USA, the contributors stress the interaction and interdependence of all the peoples along this frontier zone, and consider the different ways in which the political and cultural power of Byzantium was appropriated. They provide important comparative evidence for the relationship between local and Byzantine cultures, and open up new avenues for research into the history of eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus. The volume arises from the thirty-third Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies held at the University of Warwick in March 1999.

George MacDonald was one of the foremost fantasy writers of the 19th century and influenced just about every writer that came after him. He was a mentor of Lewis Carroll, a friend of Mark Twain's, and a man who helped shape the works of authors like Tolkien.

This vintage book contains a'complete guide and reliable authority upon all magic tricks'by none other, than the great Harry Houdini. Within in the pages of this book are clear, step-by-step explanations of a large number of magic tricks, including a significant number of famous, previously-unexplained stunts. This is a text that will appeal to the discerning magic enthusiast, and one certainly not to be missed by collectors of antiquarian literature of this ilk. The chapters of this book include:'The Handcuff Expose','The Iron Boiler','The Mail Bag','The Glass Case','The Iron Box','The Coffin','The Band Box','The Paper Bag','The Iron Bottle','How to Escape from the Roped Chair','Tramp Chair Escape','The Packing Case', etcetera. This book is being republished now in an affordable, modern edition - complete with a new biography of the author.

Die Publikationsreihe des Instituts für Europäische Kulturgeschichte der Universität Augsburg versammelt Beiträge aus verschiedenen im weiteren Sinne kulturhistorisch arbeitenden Fachdisziplinen. Ausgerichtet auf das komplexe Verhältnis zwischen lokalen Praktiken und ihren Quellen einerseits und großräumig, global wirksamen Zusammenhängen andererseits, enthält die Reihe Monographien, Sammelbände und Quelleneditionen zur Kulturgeschichte der europäischen Vormoderne, ihrer antiken und mittelalterlichen Voraussetzungen sowie ihrer in die Moderne hineinreichenden Aus- und Nachwirkungen. Dabei wird Wert gelegt auf komparatistische oder verflechtungsgeschichtliche Perspektiven. Neben Themen zur Informations- und Wissensgeschichte, Medien- und Kommunikationsgeschichte sowie historischen Netzwerkforschung geht es um Fragen der europäischen Erinnerungskulturen, der Herausbildung kollektiver Identitäten und der politischen Kulturen.

Die Zeit vom 11. bis 15. Jahrhundert wird in der Forschung als lang gestreckter Siegeszug des Papiers in Europa beschrieben. Als Konsens gilt, dass der neue Beschreibstoff angesichts seiner Preisvorteile und der Verfügbarkeit seiner Rohstoffe nicht nur das zuvor dominierende Pergament verdrängte, sondern auch die entscheidende Voraussetzung für den rapiden Anstieg an Schriftlichkeit im Spätmittelalter war. Für diese linearen Fortschrittsthesen fehlen jedoch weitgehend empirische Studien, welche die Ausbreitung des Papiergebrauchs in geographischer wie in sozialer Hinsicht nachvollziehen. Der vorliegende Sammelband thematisiert einerseits die mittelalterliche Papierproduktion und den europaweiten Handel mit der neuen Ware am Beispiel von ausgewählten Mühlenrevieren in Italien, Südwestdeutschland und Belgien. Andererseits rückt er die Frage nach der Papierverwendung und damit zugleich den jahrhundertelangen parallelen Gebrauch des älteren Pergaments ins Zentrum: Die Beiträge fokussieren Fallbeispiele sowohl aus dem Bereich der Administration als auch der Buchkultur. Neue Wege geht der Band mit der interdisziplinären Kooperation von Historikern, Buchwissenschaftlern, Archäologen, Archivaren, Restauratoren und Handpapiermachern.

Land and Work in Mediaeval Europe was first published in English in 1967. Throughout the work, the idea that Marc Bloch was not only a historian but a great teacher is exemplified, as is his ability to ask interesting and original questions through his writing. Topics covered include medieval Germany, technical problems in the medieval economy and society, and the medieval class structure.

This book comprises papers by Irish and overseas scholars on aspects of the Viking Age relating to Ireland and the western Viking world. The contributions focus on Viking-age archaeology, history, linguistics, literature, numismatics, placenames, and runology. The major themes explored in the book include: Viking-age Ireland, the colonization of the North Atlantic, weapons and warfare, and the development of urbanism. Based on the XVth Viking Congress, which took place in Cork in 2005, this publication may be regarded as a quinennial review of Viking Studies by its leading proponents.

L'implantation de moulins à papier en Bretagne a précédé de quelques décennies l'installation des premiers imprimeurs au XVème siècle ; mais la demande en papier, tant pour écrire, imprimer et emballer les marchandises, est devenue si forte dès le siècle suivant qu'il a fallu implanter localement, sur les rivières appropriées, des moulins en plus grand nombre. Carrefours de compétences et lieux de formation des apprentis, ces moulins sont également le siège, voire l'enjeu, d'alliances entre familles dont certaines ont dominé la production papetière pendant cinq ou six générations. (paper mills ; watermarks)

The main common themes of an earlier book in this series, Virtual Learning and Higher Education, were: the extent to which education should become ‘virtual', the actual cost and value of such innovation and to what degree such education suits its stakeholders. In order to further engage with these important issues a conference was held in Mansfield College, Oxford in September 2003. An edited selection of the papers from that event along with relevant papers that developed as a result of the conference's subsequent correspondences are the contents of this book.The chapters cover a spectrum of practical issues from ‘at the e-chalkface'experimentations with virtual technologies via those who consider the consequences of establishing such systems through to those interested in developing long-term strategy or policy in the area.This stimulating and important book is aimed at researchers of topics such as technology-driven education, philosophy, innovation and cultural studies. It is also meant to appeal to anyone with an interest in the ‘virtual'world of education.

This spectacular collection of more than 125 letters offers a never-before-seen glimpse of the events and people of history—the brightest and best, the most notorious, and the endearingly everyday. Entries include a transcript of the letter; a short contextual introduction; and, in 100 cases, a captivating facsimile of the letter itself. The artfulness of Shaun Usher's eclectic arrangement creates a reading experience rich in discovery. Mordant, hilarious, poignant, enlightening—surprise rewards each turn of the page. Colorfully illustrated with photographs, portraits, and relevant artworks, Letters of Note is an instant classic.

This emphasis of this collection is upon the history of courts and their procedures, they also illustrate the varied approaches and themes of legal history today.

Through his voluminous and in?uential writings, editorial activities, organi- tional leadership, intellectual acumen, and strong sense of history, Clifford - brose Truesdell III (1919–2000) was the main architect for the renaissance of - tional continuum mechanics since the middle of the twentieth century. The present collection of 42 essays and research papers pays tribute to this man of mathematics, science, and natural philosophy as well as to his legacy. The?rst?ve essays by B. D. Coleman, E. Giusti, W. Noll, J. Serrin, and D. Speiser were texts of addresses given by their authors at the Meeting in memory of Clifford Truesdell, which was held in Pisa in November 2000. In these essays the reader will?nd personal reminiscences of Clifford Truesdell the man and of some of his activities as scientist, author, editor, historian of exact sciences, and principal founding member of the Society for Natural Philosophy. The bulk of the collection comprises 37 research papers which bear witness to the Truesdellian legacy. These papers cover a wide range of topics; what ties them together is the rational spirit. Clifford Truesdell, in his address upon receipt of a Birkhoff Prize in 1978, put the essence of modern continuum mechanics succinctly as “conceptual analysis, analysis not in the sense of the technical term but in the root meaning: logical criticism, dissection, and creative scrutiny.

The role Hans Hahn played in the Vienna Circle has not always been sufficiently appreciated. It was important in several ways. In the ftrst place, Hahn belonged to the trio of the original planners of the Circle. As students at the University of Vienna and throughout the fIrst decade of this century, he and his friends, Philipp Frank and Otto Neurath, met more or less regularly to discuss philosophical questions. When Hahn accepted his fIrSt professorial position, at the University of Czernowitz in the north­ east of the Austrian empire, and the paths of the three friends parted, they decided to continue such informal discussions at some future time - perhaps in a somewhat larger group and with the cooperation of a philosopher from the university. Various events delayed the execution of the project. Drafted into the Austrian army during the first world war'Hahn was wounded on the Italian front. Toward the end of the war he accepted an offer from the University of Bonn extended in recognition of his remarkable 1 mathematical achievements. He remained in Bonn until the spring of 1921 when he returm:d to Vienna and a chair of mathe­ matics at his alma mater. There, in 1922, the Mach-Boltzmann professorship for the philosophy of the inductive sciences became vacant by the death of Adolf Stohr; and Hahn saw a chance to realize his and his friends'old plan.

The various efforts to develop a Marxist philosophy of science in the one­ time'socialist'countries were casualties of the Cold War. Even those who were in no way Marxists, and those who were undogmatic in their Marxisms, now confront a new world. All the more harsh is it for those who worked within the framework imposed upon professional philosophy by the official ideology. Here in this book, we are concerned with some 31 colleagues from the late German Democratic Republic, representative in their scholarship of the achievements of a curiously creative while dismayingly repressive period. The literature published in the GDR was blossoming, certainly in the final decade, but it developed within a totalitarian regime where personal careers either advanced or faltered through the private protection or denunciation of mentors. We will never know how many good minds did not enter the field of philosophy in the first place due to their prudent judgments that there was a virtual requirement that the candidate join the Socialist Unity (i.e. Communist) Party. Among those who started careers and were sidetracked, the record is now beginning to be revealed; and for the rest, the price of'doing philosophy'was mostly silence in the face of harassments the likes of which make academic politics in the West seem child's play.

The theme chosen for the seventh conference of Dutch and British historians - relations between Church and State in the two countries since the Reformation - cannot pretend to any originality. A subject so germane to the history of Europe, and indeed of those parts of the world colonized by Europeans and evangelized by the Christian churches, has naturally attracted the attention of numerous scholars. The particular attraction of this study of the action and reaction of Church and State in Britain and the Netherlands lies in the scope it offers historians and political scientists for making comparisons be­ tween two states, both of which endorsed the Protestant Reformation while rejecting absolutism. But the dissimilarities are quite as striking. In the Netherlands the Reformed Church came to hold a curiously equivocal position, being neither an established Church in the English sense nor an independent sect. Yet even after the formal separation of Church and State in 1796 and the rise to political prominence of Dutch Catholicism, ties of sentiment continued to link the Dutch nation and the Reformed Church for some time to come. Within England the Anglican Church maintained its constitutional standing as the established Church and its social position as the Church of the'Establishment', though it had to recognize a non-episcopal estab­ lished Church of Scotland and accept its disestablishment in Ireland and Wales.

These remarks preface two volumes consisting of the proceedings of the Third International Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The conference was held under the auspices of the Union, The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science. The meetings took place in Montreal, Canada, 25-29 August 1980, with Concordia University as host institution. The program of the conference was arranged by a Joint Commission of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science consisting of Robert E. Butts (Canada), John Murdoch (U. S. A.), Vladimir Kirsanov (U. S. S. R.), and Paul Weingartner (Austria). The Local Arrangements Committee consisted of Stanley G. French, Chair (Concordia), Michel Paradis, treasurer (McGill), Fran~ois Duchesneau (Universite de Montreal), Robert Nadeau (Universite du Quebec it Montreal), and William Shea (McGill University). Both committees are indebted to Dr. G. R. Paterson, then President of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Science, who shared his expertise in many ways. Dr. French and his staff worked diligently and efficiently on behalf of all participants. The city of Montreal was, as always, the subtle mixture of extravagance, charm, warmth and excitement that retains her status as the jewel of Canadian cities. The funding of major international conferences is always a problem.

Aus Papier sind viele Produkte, die Kultur, Alltag und das politische Ambiente des modernen Menschen prägen. Nach über 15 Jahren Forschung zum Thema stellt Heinz Schmidt-Bachem in seinem Werk die historische Entwicklung der industriellen Papierverarbeitung vom 19. Jahrhundert, über die NS-Zeit bis in die Nachkriegszeit von Bundesrepublik und DDR dar. An den historischen, einführenden Teil schließt sich ein lexikalischer Teil an, in dem die zentralen Produkte der Papier, Pappe und Kunststoff verarbeitenden Industrie vorgestellt werden. Es finden sich Artikel u.a. zu Ansichtskarten, Buchbinde-Industrie, Büroartikel, Luxuspapier und Tragetaschen.

Environmental justice is the subtext of this collection of anxieties around the need for a sustainable future on Planet Earth. Thinkers and scholars from a diversity of backgrounds reflect on what it means and how cultures must change to greet this future. From Romania to Mexico, Bosnia to Canada, Sweden to California authors analyze and recount community experiences and expectations leading to justice for land, sea, air and wildlife. The kind of ethical weltanschauung for a society in which this kind of justice is achievable is suggested. The collection points to the myriad of single instance decisions that we must all make in living our daily lives whether in our homes, workplaces or leisure time. From good policies to sound management, governments, corporations and community-based organizations will find prudent praxis from cover to cover.

The additional documents include Samuel Patterson's account of the wreck of the Eliza, 1808, the journal of the missionaries from the Hibernia, 1809, Captain Richard Siddon's experiences in Fiji in 1809-15, and extracts from periodical publications, 1804-15. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1925.

In the wake of the navigators who finally opened up the Pacific came missionaries, traders and finally administrators. In the early decades of the 19th century Polynesia was a rich field for the curious and the calculating, for writers and adventurers. The pioneer European settlers in Eastern Polynesia were ministers and mechanics sent out on the crest of an Evangelical wave the merged with the currents and eddies of trade and whaling to break down the isolation of the islands and their inhabitants. Among the pioneers was Welshman John Davies (1772-1855) who spent just over 50 years of his life on Tahiti and neighbouring islands. He witnessed the rise of the Pomare dynasty, conversion to Christianity, reaction to attempts at theocratic government, and the gradual encroachment of alien commerce and European rule. His colleagues have made their contribution to the history and anthropology of Polynesia. Davies himself, teacher, linguist and careful observer, wrote his own story of the Mission, its personalities and their contact with the Polynesians, from the early phase of disillusionment through three decades of political and economic change, destruction and reconstruction. From this contact there emerged the uneasy compromise of missionary and indigenous beliefs and institutions that characterized Tahiti and its neighbours before and after the advent of French administration. Davies's manuscript History is here edited and annotated, supplemented by the writings of other missionaries and presented as a contribution to the literature of the Pacific. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1961.

Kulturen sind keine monolithischen Blöcke. Sie sind hybrid, setzen sich also aus Elementen verschiedenster Herkunft zusammen und bringen aus ihnen Neues hervor. Das DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm'Integration und Desintegration der Kulturen im europäischen Mittelalter'hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die Geschichte Europas im Mittelalter vom permanenten Kontakt und Austausch her zu denken und die sich daraus ergebenden Prozesse kultureller Innovationen zu analysieren. Auf einer'International Spring School'im April 2008 präsentierte sich das Schwerpunktprogramm einer breiten wissenschaftlichen Öffentlichkeit. Der Band vereint die dort gehaltenen Vorträge und Workshops. Das Phänomen der Hybridität von Kulturen und die Differenzen der mittelalterlichen Welt zwischen Island und der Levante, zwischen Skandinavien und Nordafrika werden aus den Blickwinkeln verschiedener Disziplinen (Byzantinistik, Skandinavistik, Mediävistik, Germanistik, Kunstgeschichte, Orientalistik, Judaistik, Osteuropäische Geschichte) und Wissenschaftsnationen (Ungarn, Italien, Niederlande, Russland, Frankreich, Israel, Griechenland, USA, Island, Deutschland) beleuchtet. Mit Beiträgen von Cyril Aslanov, Nora Berend, Michael Borgolte, Corinna Bottiglieri, Krijnie Ciggaar, Wolfram Drews, Ásdis Egilsdóttir, Almut Höfert, Benjamin Z. Kedar, Christian Kiening, Gábor Klaniczay, Karin Krause, Hartmut Kugler, Svetlana Luchitsky, Marina Münkler, Robert Ousterhout, Juliane Schiel, Jean-Claude Schmitt, Bernd Schneidmüller, Annette Seitz, Apostolos Spanos, John Tolan, Gia Toussaint und Nektarios Zarras.

In addition to the main text, this also has Edward Sellman's account of the third voyage, and a list of artefacts from Frobisher encampments, etc, found by C. F. Hall and deposited with the Royal Geographical Society. The additional documents relate to numerous aspects of the financing and fitting out of the expedition. According to the British Museum date stamp, despite the stated publication date, actual publication did not occur until 1869. The supplementary material includes the 1867 annual report. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1867.

Kenneth Younger was the number two man in the Foreign Office during the final period of the Attlee government, a crucial point in post-war history. Now, his papers have been collected for the first time, providing new insight on contemporary events including the Schuman Plan, the Korean War, German Rearmament, the Japanese Peace Treaty and the Abadan Crisis. Younger was an inveterate diarist, and here his insights into the grand games of world politics are collected for the first time.

This book contains 15 essays by philosophers, theologians and historians from the Netherlands, France, Italy, England and the United States on Pierre Bayle (1647-1706), the French Protestant who found refuge in Rotterdam just before the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685). From the early 1680s onward, Bayle published a series of seminal works, culminating in his Dictionaire historique et critique (1697), that is generally regarded to have served as the'arsenal'of the Enlightenment. Over the last few decades, Bayle has been rediscovered as one of the key authors of the early Enlightenment, but experts have found it extremely difficult to come to any agreement concerning his ultimate position, most notably concerning the relationship between faith and philosophy. In this volume both Bayle's philosophy and his theological views are assessed as well as his impact on the Enlightenment and beyond.Contributors include: Hubert Bost, Hans Bots, Wiep van Bunge, Justin Champion, Jonathan Israel, Eric Jorink, Lenie van Lieshout, Antony McKenna, Gianni Paganini, Marie-Hélène Quéval, Todd Ryan, Adam Sutcliffe, Rob van der Schoor, Theo Verbeek, and Jan de Vet.

This book is a selection of the scholarly works presented at the 2nd International Redefining Europe Conference in Prague, 2005 as a part of the Ashburn Institute's analogous initiative, the goal of which is to advance people's understanding of the future of European civilisation, and to explore the varying dynamics of transatlantic relations. This volume is a 2nd publication in the Redefining Europe Conference Series. The third manuscript will appear in print following the Renewing the Transatlantic Relationship: Prospects for Europe and the United States in an Emerging Multipolar World Conference held in Norman, OK, November 2008. This book is targeted at scholars and students in political science and related disciplines.

The 5th Environmental Justice and Global Citizenship conference was held at Oxford, UK in 2006. This decidedly trans-disciplinary, international event attracted participants from traditionally separate academic perspectives; each ambassadors for their disciplines and each seeking and making connections with other disciplines and other understandings. Some of the presentations from this conference have been further developed for inclusion in this book, yielding 14 chapters of paradigmatic richness covering issues ranging from environmental education and the nature of global multinational corporations, to the role of environmental activism and consideration of how democratically representative some campaigns may be. This book will be of great interest to anyone working in these areas as well as an excellent introductory journey for those seeking to become pan-paradigmatic.

Many kinds of Cartesian views are treated by these papers: the views that Descartes held, views from our perspective on those views, views on Descartes held by his early critics and followers, and views that are Cartesian in outlook (not for nothing is Descartes still regarded as the father of modern philosophy.) These overlapping views provide the unity of this volume, and reflect the unity of Richard A.Watson's philosophical work. Not least among Watson's contributions has been his depiction of Cartesianism as a response to a set of problems within Descartes's philosophy. The later Cartesians were not slavish followers of Descartes. The contributors to this volume might be viewed as standing to Watson as the Cartesians did to Descartes.Contributors include: Jean-Robert Armogathe, Leslie Armour, Alan Gabbey, Daniel Garber, William H. Gass, Alan Hausman, David Hausman, Thomas M. Lennon, José R. Maia Neto, Steven Nadler, Richard H. Popkin, Han van Ruler, Theo Verbeek, Fred Wilson, and Alison Wylie.

Designed for students, academics and the general reader alike, Sexual Politics of Desire and Belonging provides theoretical and empirical insights into the linkages between sexualities and forms of desire, and ways of belonging and relating to others in specific contexts and moments in time. Opening with a substantial introduction by one of the editors, this collection of thirteen essays is organised into three parts, each section making important contributions to contemporary debates regarding the sexual politics of citizenship, marriage, friendship, pornography, intimacies, eroticism and desire. As such, the essays introduce fresh perspectives for thinking about how individuals construct senses of belonging and modes of relating to others in their everyday lives, within the disciplinary frameworks of sociology, organisational analysis and cultural studies. As well, the volume analyses representations of desire and eroticism in British Pop Art, trauma and feminist fiction, polyamory self-help literature, Hollywood films, and sociological and psychoanalytic theory. Analytical insights offered within these essays will do much to stimulate debate about aspects of the socially and historically constituted relationship between desire and sexuality. Because of the diverse approaches and conclusions it contains, the volume will be essential reading for anyone interested in engaging with inter- and multidisciplinary perspectives in order to understand the dynamics between constructions of desire and belonging, and discourses of gender, sex and sexuality.

This book is a collection of papers that resulted from a series of studies initiated by the Atlantic Council of the United States in 1974. The papers deal with various aspects of achieving adequate collective and cooperative efforts to deal with key contemporary problems of a transnational nature.

Spanning thirty years, the papers brought together in this volume reflect three of Professor Colish's interests as a historian of medieval scholastic thought. The first group of studies represent investigations that flowed into, and out of, the research on Peter Lombard (d. 1161) and his contemporaries that culminated in her book Peter Lombard (1994). Following the publication of that work, she next sought to discover how Peter's theology became mainstream Paris theology in the period between Lombard's death and the early 13th century, resulting in the second group of papers in this collection. Finally, the last two papers offer reflections on broader interpretive issues, considering ways in which medievalists ought to reconsider their general understanding of the story lines of high medieval intellectual history.

Running through the papers collected here is the concern to try and understand the reasons which people thought they had for acting in a certain way, and - not always the same thing - the reasons which they expressed for what they were doing. The book's first section focuses on the theories of government in the late medieval Church, especially the ideas of conciliarism; the second is concerned with the study of medieval guild and city organisation and politics, looking at the communal movement and at the impact of Christianity on the development of republican ideas. In the papers in the final part, Professor Black takes a comparative approach, setting the political thought and traditions of the Islamic world, in particular, alongside those of Western Europe as part of an attempt to understand the origins of the modern state: to know why this emerged in Europe, he argues, it is necessary to ask why it did not develop elsewhere and it is intellectual and cultural factors which provide the most obvious differentiating features.

The papers in this volume fall into four sections. The first part deals more generally with heresy, religious movements and the Church, while the second focuses on Wyclif, covering his path to dissent, his religious doctrines, and a doctrinal comparison with Hus. Philosophical themes come to the fore in the third section, which has papers on the decline of scholasticism in the 14th century and on the trivium, and also includes hitherto unpublished essays on the theology of Augustine's two cities and on Ockham and nominalism. The final part, with another two papers published here for the first time, discusses Christian, Augustinian and Franciscan concepts of man, and the concepts of natural rights according to Ockham and the Franciscans.

This volume contains articles covering the centuries between the establishment of Carolingian power in Western Europe and the expansion of the Anglo Norman and Angevin'Empire'within the French kingdom of the Capetians. The common underlying themes of these papers are the exercise of political power, and the social position and resources of those who wielded power. Aquitaine provides the focus for papers on regional government, individual rulers and members of the aristocracy - men and some women. The most important of the women considered is Eleanor of Aquitaine. The political and economic problems which confronted Carolingian kings of this region are discussed; and the later contribution of the secular ruler (duke, prince, and count) to the'peace movement'and peace in Aquitaine is reviewed. Two articles of wide scope discuss the character of the French aristocracy in the earlier middle ages, and consider connections between the acquisition of power and family inheritance patterns. The text of a Latin Conventum of the 11th century is printed with a new translation into English, while an especially written paper offers revised interpretations of this text, which has recently attracted much attention from historians.

Scientific Essay from the year 2023 in the subject History - Miscellaneous, University of Graz, language: English, abstract: The focus of this paper is on the observation of the solar corona as a procedure to gain data for scientific purposes and on the theory of the theory-ladenness of scientific observation, which states that an observation is never completely free of theory and, therefore, cannot function as a sole piece of objective evidence. The philosopher Peter Kosso presented one way out of this dilemma: to additionally validate theories by examining their consistence, coherence and independence. In this paper, the potential to also test observational results regarding their consistence, coherence and independence is examined. A conclusion is reached that applying a combination of these methods enables the researchers to gain valid data.

An exploration of the proliferation of paper in early modern Britain and its far-reaching effects on politics and society. We are used to thinking of ourselves as living in a time when more information is more available than ever before. In The Specter of the Archive, Nicholas Popper shows that earlier eras had to grapple with the same problem—how to deal with too much information at their fingertips. He reveals that early modern Britain was a society newly drowning in paper, a light and durable technology whose spread allowed statesmen to record drafts, memoranda, and other ephemera that might otherwise have been lost, and also made it possible for ordinary people to collect political texts. As original paperwork and copies alike flooded the government, information management became the core of politics. Focusing on two of the primary political archives of early modern England, the Tower of London Record Office and the State Paper Office, Popper traces the circulation of their materials through the government and the broader public sphere. In this early media-saturated society, we find the origins of many issues we face today: Who shapes the archive? Can we trust the pictures of the past and the present that it shows us? And, in a more politically urgent vein: Does a huge volume of widely available information (not all of it accurate) risk contributing to polarization and extremism?

This book includes four hitherto unpublished papers together with a substantial introductory historiographical and bibliographical overview. Many of the studies concern the liturgical views of figures like Lanfranc, St Hugh of Lincoln, and William of Malmesbury (an edition of William's Abbreviatio Amalarii is included) and the ways Thomas Becket and the Venerable Bede were viewed liturgically. Others reveal the achievement of an 11th-century Canterbury scribe, lay out a hagiographical puzzle as to the saints venerated on the 19th January, ask why calendars come to be attached to psalters, demonstrate that monks at Canterbury Cathedral were still reading Old English homilies in the 1180s, and present a fascinating, previously misunderstood, psalter owned by bishop Ralph Baldock, c.1300. Two final papers deal with'Sarum'services in late medieval parish churches and with the devotional practice called St Gregory's Trental.

This book presents eight papers about important historiographical issues as debated in the history of science in Islamicate societies, the history of science and philosophy of medieval Latin Europe and the history of mathematics as an academic discipline. Six papers deal with themes about the sciences in Islamicate societies from the ninth to the seventeenth centuries, among them novelty, context and decline. Two other papers discuss the historiographical practices of historians of mathematics and other disciplines in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The central argument of the collected papers is that in addition and beyond the study of scientific texts and instruments historians of science in Islamicate societies need to pay attention to cultural, material and social aspects that shaped the scientific activities of the authors and makers of such texts and instruments. It is pointed out that the diachronic, de-contextualized comparison between methods and results of scholars from different centuries, regions and cultures often leads to serious distortions of the historical record and is responsible for the long-term neglect of scholarly activities after the so-called'Golden Age'. The book will appeal in particular to teachers of history of science in Islamicate societies, to graduate students interested in issues of methodology and to historians of science grappling with the unresolved problems of how think and write about the sciences in concrete societies of the past instead of subsuming all extant texts, instruments, maps and other objects related to the sciences under macro-level concepts like Islam or Latin Europe. (CS 1114).

Dutt, Carsten: Inhalt / Vorwort. Rebenich, Stefan: Reinhart Koselleck und die Alte Geschichte. A tour through Reinhart Koselleck's extensive library shows his intimacy with Greek and Latin texts, almost reminiscent of the Humanist postulate ad fontes. Furthermore, the paramount importance of Greek historiography is obvious in Koselleck's efforts to formulate a theory of history and gauge the possibilities and limits of historical knowledge. He saw Thucydides in particular as the archegetes of modern historiography. His reference to the historiographical and philosophical tradition of Greco-Roman antiquity allowed him to analyze and bring to consciousness »the peculiarity of modern times as a new time and the history of time as time«. Talking about Reinhart Koselleck and ancient history always means talking about Christian Meier. In no other field did the two historians work more closely together than in the field of conceptual history. Through his work, Meier consistently historicized antiquity, which he perceived as rather alien, but whose significance for the present he underscored from the perspective of reception. Koselleck, on the other hand, who described temporalization (»Verzeichtlichung«) as the decisive criterion of modernity, detemporalized antiquity in order to advance to the supra-temporal proprium of ancient historiography and philosophy, which is an essential component of his own theory of history. Dunkhase, Jan Eike: Zwischen Kafka und Hamlet. Reinhart Kosellecks publizistische Anfänge im Kontext The paper introduces Reinhart Koselleck's first three publications from the years 1951–53, which present the future historian as a literary critic. They report on a Kafka workshop organized by students at the University of Heidelberg and review a contemporary novel by Paul Schallück as well as a Hamlet interpretation promoted by Carl Schmitt. Koselleck's articles are analyzed within the context of the student magazine they were published in and contrasted with his fellow student Hans Robert Jauss'first publication in the same Forum academicum. While young Koselleck doesn't express himself as an historian in these early publications, they shed light on his intellectual beginnings in the shadow of his emerging doctoral thesis Critique and Crisis, especially concerning his foundational struggle with »the transcendence of history.« Kemmerer, Alexandra: Ad limina. Koselleck und die völkerrechtliche Imagination in der Krise Early in his academic career, Reinhart Koselleck developed an interest in questions of international law. However, the historiography of international law, which has undergone a very dynamic evolution for almost three decades, remains little interested in Koselleck's conceptualhistorical method. In this paper, I trace Koselleck's association with international law scholars – particularly with Carl Schmitt, with whom he maintained an exchange beginning with the latter's Nomos der Erde (1950) and continuing through Die legale Weltrevolution (1978). I strive to uncover the mutual influences and the significance of this cooperation for today's transdisciplinary legal research.Their perspectives and possibilities through the conceptual-historical method are discussed in closing, before I return to the end of the world, where land and sea meet and where this text began. Dutt, Carsten: »Beihilfe zur Ernüchterung«. Dunkhase, Jan Eike: Die Frage nach der Geschichte. Eine Doppelrezension Reinhart Kosellecks aus dem Jahr 1950 Koselleck, Reinhart: Rezension zu Hans Freyer, Weltgeschichte Europas, und Karl Jaspers, Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte. Koselleck, Reinhart; Dutt, Carsten: Zum politischen Totenkult. Ein Interview Hölscher, Lucian: The Discovery of the Future in Early Modern Europe. My argument for the discovery of the future is based on the idea of a process of temporalization that took place in early modern Europe.

This is an open access book. CISOC'2022 – The 2022 International Conference on International Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities, invites the entire scientific, academic and professional community to present their contributions, which can be written in French, English, Spanish or Portuguese. All papers (full articles) will be submitted to a “double-blind review” by at least two members of the Scientific Committee, based on relevance, originality, importance and clarity. The papers presented must bring discussions on actual theoretical, or methodological, or empirical workshop proposals around Social Sciences and Humanities. The topics proposed for the Conference are related to: Psychology, Education, History, Linguistics and language, Political science, Religious studies, Philosophy, Globalization, Humanities, Archaeology, Anthropology, Inter-cultural studies, Development, Geography, Library and Information Sciences.