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This paper analyses the relationship between convenience stores (konbini) and individualisation in contemporary Japanese society. As a retail form, konbini provide convenience in the form of a time and space which not only their goods, but also their organization type and information technologies make possible. They thus give birth to a new style of consumption, networked consumption. Social life that has "individuals" as its main unit will expand by relying on the "consumption networks" formed by konbini. We point out that the circulation of individuals and networks produced by these modern Japanese convenience stores defines the outer edges and interior of the society called Japanese, by referring to the two "outsides" of America and Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of the International Olympic Aide Commission (IOAC) in the political life of countries in Africa and Asia during the 1950s and 1960s is examined. The IOAC was an organization that was founded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). This article addresses how the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) saw the decolonization process and the Cold War as related to the USSR's ability to expand its influence beyond its borders. According to the article, the USSR believed that their Olympic activities helped to counter American, British and French foreign policy. The IOAC was a partner in the aid policy of the USSR during this period, according to some historians.

Copyright of Revue Tiers Monde is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Between the years 1346 and 1353, a terrible epidemic swept over Western Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, causing catastrophic losses of population everywhere, both in the rural areas and in towns and cities. The Black Death was a disease of such magnitude that it not only shook the Old World to its economic and social foundations but changed the course of human history. The authors considered and analyzed many studies on the Black Death published in different languages. In the present paper they report medical and epidemiological specificities of the pandemic as well as its geographical origins and the routes of its spread.

Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in rural and rice-growing areas of Asia, where mosquitoes proliferate, transmitting the Flavivirus from viremic animals, mostly pigs, to humans. Japanese encephalitis has recently spread to previously non-affected regions, leading to serious outbreaks among non-immune populations. Although it has a high proportion of unsymptomatic infection, clinical encephalitis is usually severe, resulting in a very high mortality rate, and neurologic sequellae are common among survivors. Vaccines are used in several Asian countries. One of these vaccines is now available to French travellers, but only in international vaccination centres with an authorization from the French drug agency (Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé). The aim of this paper is to clarify the recommendations for immunisation in each country of the affected regions. The area can be divided into three epidemiological zones, with tropical, subtropical and temperate characteristics. For the first two, vaccination is recommended before a long stay in a rural area, especially during the rainy season; in temperate climates, outbreaks occur in summer and autumn. However, local variations such as intensive rice-growing or development of pig breeding may interfere with these patterns. Long-term visitors should consult a local physician and prevention of mosquito bites is always recommended.

This paper attempts to give an overview of current levels of child mortality prevailing in the world. It also examines trends and socioeconomic differentials in child mortality for selected countries and regions of the world. Lastly it reviews data on causes of child death and related environmental factors. The paper concludes that despite the fact that child deaths are frequently avoidable, mortality differentials between the developed and developing regions of the world are more pronounced in childhood (ages one to under five years) than at any other time of life. While some developing countries have substantially reduced the level of mortality in childhood, in others it remains very high. In contrast, in most developed countries child death rates are now so low, that they no longer serve as useful measures of public health.

Characteristics of family and household structure are examined in this paper to shed light on an important aspect of the life conditions of older persons in countries at different levels of development. Using various measures, both direct and indirect, the analysis showed the existence of a nuclear household as a predominant family form. Extended household families are more common in Asian countries, especially India, than in other regions for which data are available. While available cross-national data do not enable us to assess the extent to which older persons reside in households with their children, headship rates indicate that the majority of male older persons continue to maintain their position as heads of households in later life and that female headship increases with age. This is confirmed by analysis of data on marital status, which show higher proportions of males currently married than for females and sharply higher widowhood levels for females. Marriage at older ages seems to be relatively low. A general trend within most developed countries is toward increasing independent living, especially for females, and a sharp decline in both males and females living in a household with relatives.