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Our paper aims to analyze the conditions of effectiveness of prevention actions, in particular their limitations, and to propose new approaches for some of them. Generally speaking, these actions are restricted in their majority to messages drawn from epidemiologic reports. Beyond informing, some of these actions seek to reach people on an emotional basis, as on cigarette packages which "warn" smokers of smoking risks ("Smoking Kills") or TV ads showing the dramatic results of road accidents. However, the impact of such messages may unfortunately decrease over time. Other actions are based on a repressive approach which may be operative, as with the decrease in road deaths due to compulsory wearing of seat belts or the more recent introduction of radar detectors. However, a threshold of effectiveness is always reached after a certain time, which necessitates other strategies. With addictive behaviors for instance, repression, although necessary, cannot alone suppress behaviors due to identity related suffering. Approached from this angle, one aim of prevention might be to create the conditions for a form of questioning that would not judge people, but would concretely face them with their responsibility. To conclude, prevention is not an easy undertaking as the changes it seeks to promote require time and because people will really change only if they agree to do so. In Western societies characterized by mass culture and loss of symbolic references, adopting methods used in advertising to target personal behavior could offer a perspective. The aim would however be totally different since while advertising is designed to sell objects, prevention must propose material to build subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety disorder, a severe global public health problem, has caused many adverse effects. Effectively preventing anxiety disorder is very important. This paper chose recreational fishing as an intervention measure to explore its effect on preventing anxiety disorder. Methods: The prevention effect of recreational fishing on anxiety disorder and the heterogeneity of this effect were analyzed through the ordinal logistic regression model. The robustness of the main results was tested through the multiple linear regression models. Results: “Fishing” significantly affected the anxiety level of residents. Compared with those who did not participate in outdoor recreational fishing, for those who participated there is a 3.494 decrease in the log odds of being in a higher severity of the anxiety level. With the increase in age, the negative effect of recreational fishing on anxiety levels was significantly lower. Conclusion: We focused on the preventive effect of outdoor recreational fishing on anxiety, contributing to add some evidence for non-medical measures to prevent anxiety disorder. Participation in outdoor recreational fishing has a significant prevention effect on anxiety disorder. Older people have less effect in preventing anxiety disorder by participating in fishing.

Life expectancy at birth has regularly increased decade after decade, especially since the beginning of the 20th century: 15 years have been gained over the past 50 years. Changes in living and dietary habits during this time period have been associated with the development of various pathologies which represent a growing socioeconomic burden. Among age-related disorders, ocular diseases are the second most prevalent ones after 65 years. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment after the age of 50 years. Age is the prominent risk factor for AMD and is accompanied with both endogenous (including genetics) and environmental factors, such as smoking habits and dietary factors (diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids). AMD is characterized by the loss of cells at the most central area of the retina, called macula. The neural retina is a highly structured neurosensory tissue that is responsible for the transduction pathway. The transduction pathway is initiated in photoreceptors where the light stimulus is coded into an electrical signal. This signal is transmitted to neighboured neurons and transferred to the brain via the optic nerve. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the cellular and metabolic interface between the neural retina and choriocapillaris through Bruch’s membrane. The close association between RPE and photoreceptors is one of the factors that promote the efficacy of RPE to, in the one hand, provide nutrients and oxygen to photoreceptors and, in the other hand, eliminate the metabolic debris originating from shedding of the outer segments. Epidemiological data suggest that dietary habits privileging the consumption of omega- 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids participate to prevent from the development of AMD (Sangiovanni et al., 2009). The mechanisms underlying the effects of omega-3 fatty acids remain unclear until now. The purpose of the present paper is to give a review on the role, metabolism and effects of omega 3 fatty acids in the retina.

Malaysia continues to face various challenges derived from the widespread of international migratory movement because of various economic reasons. Malaysia strategic geographical location, in the center of the South East Asian region made the country an attractive destination for human smuggling and trafficking in persons activities. Some of the smuggled persons may end up being trafficked victims base on the definition adopted by Malaysian laws on “trafficked victims”. Malaysia Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007 (Amendment 2010) affords continuous protection for “smuggled turn trafficked” victims. On the other hand, smuggling is an offence under the said law because it threatens not only the public safety but also the national security. For the same reason smuggling also should be seen as a threat to Malaysia security and justifies for stern consideration and actions. Constant reviews on the loop-holes in the legal provisions and the available mechanism will minimize the possible injustice that may incur while enforcing the said Act. This paper will draw on the challenges faced by Malaysia government in combating and preventing smuggling activities, and by making these efforts will strengthen the country peace and security.