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Résumé: Les promesses de scientifiques ont fait émerger le grand projet NBIC (Nano, Bio, Info et Cognition) qui avait pour but d'augmenter les performances humaines, en même temps qu'on allait, grâce à la taille des nanomatériaux et la puissance des nanotechnologies, trouver de nouvelles applications industrielles et médicales. Le débat irréductible entre une technologie qui peut tout et des idéologies farouchement opposées s'est traduit par une crise d'intellectuels sur des choix de société, crise plutôt invisible pour le public général. Depuis quelques dizaines d'années, notre monde est traversé par de « vraies » crises sanitaires, crises qui sont comparées avec ce qui aurait pu émerger depuis le débat public « nano » de 2009. Non seulement le public ne manifeste plus d'inquiétudes majeures vis-à-vis des nanotechnologies, mais une enquête réalisée pour cet article confirme cette situation avec une certaine attractivité pour la nanomédecine. Cependant, si le domaine rentre aujourd'hui dans une forme de conformité presque « rassurante », son développement n'est pas aussi « spectaculaire » que prévu. Il n'en est pas moins nécessaire qu'en absence de l'usage du principe de précaution pour des dangers et des expositions non connus, une attention soit maintenue, associée à des recherches de toxicologie, pour éviter des effets inacceptables. Continuing scientific progress has led to the emergence of the great NBIC (Nano, Bio, Info and Cognition) project, aimed at increasing human performance and simultaneously, thanks to the size of nanomaterials and the power of nanotechnology, finding new industrial and medical applications. The relentless debate between a technology that can do everything and ideologies fiercely opposed to that goal has resulted in a battle between intellectuals over societal choices that is almost invisible to the general public. For several decades now, our world has been going through "real" health crises that are compared with what could have emerged since the public debate of 2009 about "Nano". The public is no longer concerned about nanotechnology, and a survey conducted for this paper even reveals the attraction of nanomedicine. However, while the field is now entering a certain almost reassuring conformity, its development is not as spectacular as expected. If the precautionary principle for unknown dangers and exposures continues to be ignored, careful attention should be maintained, along with toxicological research, to prevent unacceptable effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of LHB: Hydroscience Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: En France, les assurés sociaux de la CPAM ont droit à un examen périodique de santé (EPS) réalisé au centre d'examen de santé. Il est orienté vers la prévention, quelles que soient les maladies préexistantes de l'assuré, la lutte contre la précarité et les inégalités d'accès aux soins. Les médecins généralistes (MG) estiment intervenir fréquemment en matière de prévention. Aux termes d'une enquête quantitative transversale descriptive observationnelle par questionnaire papier anonyme, réalisée de février à mai 2018, auprès de 240 MG libéraux de la Loire, les MG semblent favorables à un EPS adapté à une population qui leur semble devoir être ciblée différemment. Une meilleure collaboration entre MG et centres d'examens de santé préalablement et au décours de l'EPS pourrait être envisagée. In France, social security contributors are entitled to a periodic health examination (PHE) carried out at the health examination center (HEC). The PHE is oriented towards prevention whatever pre-existing illnesses, the fight against precariousness and inequalities in access to care. General practitioners (GPs) consider that they frequently intervene in the field of prevention. According to a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive observational survey by anonymous paper questionnaire, conducted from February to May 2018, among 240 liberal GPs in the Loire district, GPs seem to favour a PHE adapted to a population that they feel should be targeted differently. It would be interesting to better understand this point of view. Better collaboration between MG and HEC before and during the PHE could be envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'études Autochtones is the property of Recherches Amerindiennes au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper investigates the ways in which schools can contribute to the prevention of bullying, by gaining insight into a multi-layered structure of school activities that contributes to the positive effects of educational work on the development of students’ personality and by pointing to the three levels of preventive action that can be carried out on an individual basis (universal, selective, and indicated prevention). Special emphasis is placed on universal prevention, given that science has proved that some school subjects (mother tongue and/or foreign language and literature, history, civic education, religious instruction, art and music lessons) and the extra-curricular activities related to them provide opportunities for this kind of bullying prevention. Focusing on literature instruction, we first look at its pedagogical role, linking the issue of bullying to humanistic and moral education. Literary texts that thematise this issue are very convenient for developing students’ socio-emotional competencies, the competencies that are (also) directly linked to attitudes towards bullying and other forms of violence. “Deca” (Children), a short story by Ivo Andrić, stands out among such works represented in the literature curriculum for primary school. By applaying the emphatic-ethical model of reading, we investigate the pedagogical potential of this literary text, trying to point out the key “action” segments in the text which are activated only by a teacher’s adequate methodological guidance of students during its collective interpretation.

Social workers are a part of the wider counter-terrorism efforts in many European countries, such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Belgium. While there are several theoretical and discursive studies on social workers’ involvement in preventing violent extremism, few studies have explored and analyzed how these prevention workers understand radicalization and the strategies and approaches they employ. This paper addresses this research gap with findings from a qualitative study that utilized data from 17 individual in-depth interviews and two focus-group interviews of experienced social workers doing indicated prevention work against violent extremism in Norway. Goffman’s frame analysis and Weber and Carter’s theory on the construction of trust are applied to the findings. A thematic analysis found that, first, the participants frame radicalization cases in the same way they do other cases—as a social problem. Second, a two-way process of trust was revealed, as a critical component in their work is creating openings for dialogue about values and ideology. Contrary to other studies, this paper finds that social workers manage this work as close to “business as usual.” Also, it reveals that well-established strategies in social work, such as client-directed practice, Socratic questioning, and motivational interviewing, potentially play an important role in face-to-face prevention work against radicalization and violent extremism.

Résumé Introduction et objectifs La dénutrition et la fragilité sont des problèmes de santé publique fréquents, en particulier chez les personnes âgées. Le ministère des Affaires sociales et de la Santé a décidé, en 2012, de promouvoir un programme pilote de sensibilisation comprenant la réalisation de 10 conférences et de trois outils électroniques ou papier sur ce sujet. Il a sollicité pour cela la Société francophone nutrition clinique et métabolisme (SFNEP), qui a choisi pour mettre en place cette action le réseau de nutrition LINUT, implanté en région Limousin, la 2 e région la plus âgée d’Europe. Méthodes Le programme a été validé par le ministère des Affaires sociales et de la Santé et la SFNEP. Les conférences avaient pour cible les professionnels de santé et le grand public, et étaient annoncées aux médias. Elles ont été évaluées par un index de satisfaction, un test de connaissances avant/après et un questionnaire appliqué un ou trois mois après la manifestation. Les outils étaient : la proposition de mettre sur les sites Internet des institutions partenaires du réseau un lien avec le site grand public de la SFNEP, la création de 12 fiches simples, électroniques et papier, traitant de divers aspects de la dénutrition chez les personnes âgées, la réalisation d’un livre de recettes en texture mixée de fruits et légumes crus, incluant leur composition nutritionnelle et un visuel. Résultats Onze conférences ont été organisées, regroupant 947 personnes (moyenne par conférence : 86,1 ± 55,4 auditeurs) sur l’ensemble de la région. La fréquentation a été plus forte si les conférences étaient adossées à des ateliers ou à la journée régionale des Comités de liaison alimentation nutrition (CLAN). Les appréciations subjectives et les tests avant/après ont été favorables, alors que le questionnaire à distance est apparu comme inadapté. Seulement 19 % des institutions sollicitées ont accepté d’intégrer le lien avec le site de la SFNEP. Les fiches électroniques et papier ont été largement diffusées et l’ouvrage de produits crus mixés a regroupé 50 recettes. La presse régionale a rendu compte de ces réunions en publiant 16 articles sur ces actions, et un reportage de la chaîne de télévision TF1 a été réalisé lors d’un atelier. Le budget alloué a été consommé conformément aux prévisions. Conclusion Un programme de ce type est applicable, et paraît efficace quant au nombre de personnes concernées par les conférences, la diffusion des outils et l’impact médiatique. Introduction and objectives Malnutrition and frailty are frequent public health problems, in particular in the elderly people. The French Ministry for the Social Affairs and Health (MSAH) decided in 2012 to promote a pilot program including the realization of 10 conferences and three electronic or paper tools on this subject. It requested in this direction the French-speaking Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Society (SFNEP), which chose for its application the nutrition network LINUT, established in area of Limousin, the 2nd oldest area of Europe. Methods The program was validated by the MSAH and the SFNEP. The conferences had as a target the health professionals and the general public, and were announced with the media. They were evaluated by an index of satisfaction, a general knowledge before/after test and a questionnaire applied one or three months after the conferences. The tools were: the proposal to put on the websites of the institutions partners of the network a link with the site general public of the SFNEP, the creation of 12 simple, electronic and paper cards, treating various aspects of malnutrition in the elderly, the realization of one recipe book in mixed-texture of raw fruit and vegetables, including their nutritional composition and visual. Results Eleven conferences took place, involving 947 people (average: 86.1 ± 55.4) on the whole of the area. The frequentation was stronger if the conferences were leaned with workshops or the regional day of the Liaison Committees for Alimentation and Nutrition (LCANs). The subjective appreciations and the before/after tests were favourable, whereas the remote questionnaire appeared unsuited. Only 19% of the requested institutions agreed to integrate the link with the site of the SFNEP. The electronic and paper cards were widely diffused. The book included 50 mixed-texture cooking recipes. The regional press published 16 articles on these actions, and a TF1 report was carried out at the time of a workshop. The allocated budget was consumed in accordance with the forecasts. Conclusion A program of this type is applicable, and appears effective as for the number of people concerned with the conferences, the diffusion of the tools and the media impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both France and abroad, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) remain the most widespread occupational diseases. The scientific literature has established that links exist between the occurrence of MSD and the professional gesture. The aim of this paper is to show how biomechanical analysis helps to create intervention tools implemented in a methodological framework in clinical activity with a view to preventing MSD through analysis of the gesture. The aim of this paper is to analyse how an intervention was conducted within the general methodological framework of occupational psychology using activity-clinic research based on professional gesture analysis and it also benefited from interdisciplinary co-operation with biomechanics. The interdisciplinary methodology employed in relation to eight gravediggers consisted of different steps that included a detailed analysis of the muscular activity of the shoulder and back muscles. The results show that the interdisciplinary methodology makes it possible to widen the potential development zone of the gesture in the gravediggers’ activity by stimulating their professional discussions. The creation of visibility and discussion in the profession of inter- and intra-individual variability has opened up the professional world to new forms of action to prevent MSD.

This paper presents a development overview of prevention strategies in a federalist context. It builds on the results of the study on the backgrounds of jihadist radicali-sation and the prevention strategies adopted in Switzerland (Eser Davolio and Re-ther 2019) as well as the measures outlined in the Swiss National Action Plan to Prevent and Counter Radicalisation. The methodological approach comprises de-scriptive quantitative data analyses of the different backgrounds of radicalisation and qualitative analyses of the prevention agencies and their strategies. This paper examines three such prevention and intervention agencies: counselling services, which have been set up in various cities and cantons for the universal and selective prevention of extremism in general and jihadist radicalisation in particular; com-munity policing by the cantonal and municipal police; and, on the level of preven-tion, the Swiss penal system facing radicalised persons in legal procedures and in prison. The prevention and intervention measures implemented by these agencies will be analysed, assessing whether they are adequate in view of the findings on the backgrounds of radicalisation. Focussing on jihadist radicalisation in Switzerland – a problem area with relatively limited evidence but at the same time of national se-curity relevance – we have to consider the federalist context with its own challenges and aspects of interferences.

In recent years, many education systems have undertaken an important shift towards results-based management (Bourgault, 2004). This type of management leads us to take a look at the success of students with behavioural difficulties because they are the most likely to drop out of school (ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport, 2006). It is therefore essential to implement an evidence-based intervention system that promotes the prevention of these difficulties. The Positive Behavioural Interventions and Supports (PBIS) system is evidence-based (Lapointe & Freiberg, 2006). PBIS, named Soutien au comportement positif (SCP) in French, is a behavioural response-to-intervention program. In this paper, we describe the SCP. Subsequently, we show its effects on the reduction of student misconduct within Québec schools, thus contributing to the prevention of behaviour problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P/CVE programs engaging in primary (prior to radicalization) or secondary (following exposure to radicalizing influences) prevention are often predicated on delivering interventions to individuals or groups at-risk of engaging in violent extremism. Preventative actions must take place before the potential negative outcome; however, additional research is still required to identify and empirically validate the factors that distinguish violent from non-violent extremists. In the interim, P/CVE programs have instead targeted all individuals within a community or those deemed “at-risk” of adhering to extremist belief systems or movements. Due to resource limitations, this approach dilutes the allocation of resources to individuals and/or communities with higher propensities for extremist violence and may incidentally increase the likelihood of violence. This paper argues that empirical and theoretical insights from criminological theories of social control can enhance the understanding of violent extremism and can be used to tailor P/CVE programs. Unlike most criminological theories, social control theories focus on why people do not commit these acts, giving it a unique perspective on identifying how to prevent violent extremism. Drawing on 70 years of research, we explore how variation in various forms of control can explain differences in extremist offending. We hypothesize how the antecedents to low social control may be connected to violent extremism and propose a research agenda to test these hypotheses. Finally, we examine how existing measures of self-control can be incorporated by P/CVE programming to better distribute services to their target population and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.

This paper reviews the experience and actions carried out by Asociación para la Igualdad On:Giz to promote active involvement of men in tackling gender-based violence. On:Giz is a small organisation of women and men committed to gender equality. This is not a usual academic paper, but rather a reflection on two case study examples of how to work with men in confronting gender-based violence and a call to the need of involving them in such actions because achieving women’s and men’s equality is everybody’s work. Este texto da cuenta de las experiencias que se están llevando a cabo desde la Asociación para la Igualdad On:Giz para que los hombres sean parte activa de la solución al problema de la violencia de género. On:Giz es una organización mixta pequeña, con mucho compromiso con la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres. La intencionalidad de este texto no es académica, sino dar a conocer un par de experiencias que sirvan como ejemplo de cómo se puede trabajar también con los hombres contra la violencia de género y de la necesidad de involucrar a estos, ya que la igualdad real entre mujeres y hombres se conseguirá con el trabajo de todas y todos. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2612127

Résumé Objectifs Il s’agit de reprendre la question du diagnostic « démence type Alzheimer », et de mettre en lumière les limites de cette catégorisation nosographique, voire son inconsistance. L’objectif est de dévoiler le paradoxe existant de fait avec les recommandations des autorités de santé, notamment les mesures préventives et thérapeutiques, de type stimulation ou rééducation, qui y sont associées. Notre visée est de montrer la place que cela laisse à une clinique du sujet. Méthode Une revue de littérature d’une diversité scientifique – rassemblant les domaines de la sociologie, la psychiatrie, la neuropsychologie, ou les sciences politiques – nous sert à préciser ce que recouvre le concept « maladie d’Alzheimer », tant en ce qui concerne son historique, sa définition médicale, que sa transformation sociale. Résultats Nous relevons que cette dite maladie repose à l’origine non sur une véritable découverte scientifique mais sur une invention nosographique. Une observation de cas paraissant plutôt curieux, dont la spécificité pathologique était mise en doute, voire déniée par Aloïs Alzheimer lui-même, est devenue un siècle plus tard une maladie extrêmement fréquente, aussi perçue comme « la maladie du siècle ». Les incessants changements de définitions au fil des années et des nosographies – dont la distinction avec la démence dite « sénile » a été l’objet de questionnements – ainsi que les critiques de plus en plus nombreuses portant sur les hypothèses au sujet de l’étiologie neurobiologique, soutiennent le constat d’une création nosographique. Les recherches postulant que ce diagnostic est le résultat d’une construction sociale sous-tendue par des logiques économiques et politiques (celles qui désignent Alzheimer comme un « fléau à combattre »), ainsi que par le modèle biomédical de nos sociétés occidentales, vont également en ce sens. C’est par ailleurs dans ce contexte, et seulement depuis la dernière décennie, que l’on voit apparaître une distinction entre différents stades de cette dite maladie, dont le « stade préclinique », asymptomatique, qui étaye la visée de prévention et de dépistage des autorités de santé. Discussion Si la notion de « maladie d’Alzheimer », en tant qu’entité homogène causée par des facteurs moléculaires, commence à être remise en question, cela ouvre la possibilité d’étudier les états hétérogènes se manifestant dans le cadre large du vieillissement cérébral et cognitif. Cela implique également, par conséquent, de réinterroger la différence entre un vieillissement « normal » et « pathologique ». Conclusions « La maladie d’Alzheimer est un mythe ». Voilà ce que laissent transparaître diverses études. Le problème est que ce diagnostic tend à effacer les sujets dans leur singularité. Or, pour l’accompagnement des personnes âgées dans notre société, il s’agit d’un enjeu éthique et déontologique de prendre la mesure de l’incohérence de ces mesures préventives et thérapeutiques, et de pouvoir laisser une place à une clinique du sujet. Aims This paper sets out to review the issue of diagnosis of “Alzheimer-type dementia”, and to cast light on the limitations of this nosographic categorisation, and indeed its lack of substance. The aim is to show the paradoxical aspects of the recommendations of the health authorities, and in particular the preventive and therapeutic recommendations in the areas of stimulation or rehabilitation. The purpose is to show that this leaves room for a clinical approach centering on the subject. Method A broad review of the scientific literature ranging from sociology to psychiatry, neuropsychology and political science, enables a definition of what is covered by the concept “Alzheimer's disease”, at once with regard to its history, its medical definition, and its social history. Results We observe that this “pathology” was originally based not on a genuine scientific discovery, but on a nosographic invention. A rather curious case study, on the subject of which Alois Alzheimer himself expressed doubts as to its pathological specificity, one century later has become an extremely common condition, often viewed as the “disease of our time”. The constant changes in definition across the years and across nosographies – where the distinction with respect to so-called “senile” dementia has been questioned – and increasingly numerous criticisms of the hypotheses of a neurobiological aetiology, are all in favour of a nosographic invention. The research postulating that this diagnosis results from a social construction underpinned by economic and political logics (whereby Alzheimer's disease is seen as a “scourge” to be fought), and by the biomedical model of our Western societies is likewise in favour of this nosographic creation. It is in this setting, and only in the last decade, that we have seen the emergence of definitions of different stages in the disease, including a “pre-clinical”, asymptomatic stage, supporting the screening and prevention strategies of the health authorities. Discussion At a time when the notion of “Alzheimer's disease” as a homogeneous entity caused by molecular factors is beginning to be questioned, there is scope for research on the heterogeneous manifestations occurring in the broad setting of cerebral and cognitive ageing. This implies a reappraisal of what differentiates “normal” from “pathological” ageing. Conclusion “Alzheimer's disease is a myth” – as is suggested by various studies. The problem is that this diagnosis tends to obliterate the singularity of each subject. Yet for the accompaniment of the elderly in our society, the ethical and deontological challenge is to take the full measure of the inadequacy of existing preventive and therapeutic measures, so as to make way for a clinical approach centred on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L’évaluation des psychothérapies, pour des raisons ayant trait à la fois au respect de règles de santé publique et à l’amélioration de nos connaissances et de nos pratiques, est devenue une étape incontournable. L’efficacité des psychothérapies, et particulièrement des Thérapies Comportementales et Cognitives (TCC), est aujourd’hui largement documentée dans le traitement des épisodes dépressifs et dans la prévention de leurs rechutes. Les travaux récents portent leurs efforts sur l’amélioration des prises en charge afin d’optimiser encore le gain en termes de prévention de rechutes. C’est dans ce cadre que la démarche MBCT prend toute sa place. Certains auteurs ont montré qu’adjoindre une démarche MBCT améliorait encore le gain en termes de rechute après une TCC auquel le patient avait été répondeur (Vittengl et Jarrett, 2015) lui permettant d’améliorer sa qualité de vie. En revanche, la question du pourquoi elles fonctionnent, dans quelles conditions, pour quels individus particuliers ainsi que l’identification des mécanismes et processus de changement sont encore très d’actualité. Pour ce faire, l’évaluation de l’effet d’une pratique en MBCT a utilisé à la fois des mesures se voulant directes (auto-questionnaires) et des mesures plus indirectes du changement (épreuves neuropsychologiques, mesures psychologiques, techniques d’imagerie cérébrale, etc.). Cette communication se propose de faire le point sur ces mesures, les résultats qu’elles ont apportés et les hypothèses qu’elles ont soulevées respectivement dans la littérature internationale de la dépression unipolaire. The assessment of psychotherapies, for reasons related both to the respect of public health rules and to the improvement of our knowledge and our practices, has become an unavoidable stage. The effectiveness of psychotherapies, and particularly of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies (CBT), is now widely documented in the treatment of depressive episodes and in the prevention of relapses. Recent work focuses on improving care to further optimize the gain in relapse prevention. It is within this framework that the MBCT approach takes its place. Studies have shown that joining an MBCT approach further improves the gain in relapses after CBT to which the patient had responded (Vittengl et Jarrett, 2015). On the other hand, the question of why they work, under what conditions, for which particular individuals and the identification of the mechanisms and processes of change are still very current. In order to do this, the evaluation of the effect of a practice in MBCT used both direct measures (self-questionnaires) and more indirect measures of change (neuropsychological tests, psychological measures, brain imaging, etc.). The purpose of this paper is to review the results of these measures, the results they have produced and the hypotheses they have raised in the international literature on unipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the interface of the geography of health and environmental geography, this paper aims to balance an exclusively positive point of view of the forest by focusing on a vector-borne disease transmitted by ticks found in temperate forests. The transformation of our way of life, promoting free-time and leisure activities, have enhanced the attractiveness of spending time in forested areas. For that reason, they are the most popular recreation areas attended by the French, with more than a billion annual visits. For city dwellers in search of nature, forests, especially near cities, are now seen as sources of relaxation and well-being where people draw the energy for their everyday urban life. To better understand the links that these citizens have with the forest, the French National Forestry Office (ONF) led an extensive study of the practices and representations of the forest. Upon completion of the study, two types of representations stand out clearly: the forest as breakout space outside the city, and as a space of sociability and sharing. But this stereotyped or frozen representation of the forest, which revolves around the concepts of wellness and pleasure, maintains a distorted perception of the potential risks incurred by forest users. If users know only the idyllic picture of the forest, it is our responsibility to inform them of these risks. The presence of suitable vector habitats, especially ticks, whose role is significant in the spread of a broad spectrum disease (Lyme borreliosis or Lyme disease), is in fact largely underestimated by forest users who neglect preventive measures to avoid their bite. A main pathology transmitted by ticks, Lyme borreliosis, is transmitted tens of thousands of times each year. Meanwhile, it remains largely unknown to the general public that this disease is becoming more common and widespread in our latitudes, as evidenced by the numerous instances in the literature. In France, some 27 000 new cases are identified each year by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), an average annual incidence rate estimated at 43 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. This number has almost tripled in ten years, from about 10 000 to 27 000 new cases per year between 2003 and 2013 (InVS, 2013). Well known in rural areas, Lyme borreliosis is an endemic disease in the regions of eastern and central France (figure 1). However, in recent years, the disease tends to be urbanized by approaching large cities (Amat-Roze, 2004). A survey conducted in 2010 in the suburban forest of Senart (25 km south-east of Paris, Île-de-France) has allowed us to know the level of knowledge of forest visitors on Lyme borreliosis and tick populations. It turns out that more than half of respondents have never heard of this disease and that only fifty were able to describe and name its vector. If the majority of people do not associate the disease to the meeting with a tick, many people neglect the basic preventive measures. When an activity brings a user into contact with an infectious tick – that means a tick has bitten him/her and s/he got a disease – the image of the forest changes as a result, in practices and behaviors, as a risk avoidance strategy. The welcoming image of the forest is thus replaced by a risky and insecurity picture. This confirms the findings of a previous study. Indeed, Aurélien Ponce (2011) had collected testimonies from people with Lyme borreliosis (or healed from Lyme borreliosis) to analyze their perceptions and practices of the forest. It appears that all respondents had an idyllic vision of the forest before being bitten by an infective tick. He identifies two types of behavior depending on the severity and persistence of symptoms of the disease. A) persons whose behavior has not (or almost not) changed: these people continue their outings in the forest as before but however are more attentive, especially ride back. It is cured persons or people whose health condition has improved since the first symptoms of the disease; B) persons whose behavior has changed: this translates into a fear of returning to forest and go as before. These findings show the importance of the memory of the risk in the construction process of representation. No improvement in health and security can dispense with these representations, for it is through them that users’ resistance to preventive measures intended for them is expressed. If these elements enable better targeting of policy instruments to promote effective information to the population, this paper opens a reflection on communication strategies for a particular public: the forest users.

This paper aims to highlight the importance of developing the capacity of Health, Safety and Working Conditions Committees (“CHSCT” in France) to act for a better integration of primary prevention in the context of change projects. After identifying certain obstacles regularly encountered by these Committees during the mandatory consultation process when implementing a change, our objective is to demonstrate how external expertise can help to develop the empowerment of staff representatives within the Committees. This argumentation is based on a case study of a “resizing” project in a bank. The results suggest a failure to take full account of the future work likely to be required in the design of projects and the importance for the HSCT Committee to adopt a preventive stance. This analysis helps identify possible solutions for taking better account of primary prevention in projects. It also aims to examine how ergonomics can help develop the power to act of HSCT Committees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I reflect on the significance of ritual activity directed towards COVID-19 in Timor-Leste. What, if anything, it tells us about East Timorese beliefs and attitudes regarding infectious disease and why understanding the cultural dimensions of infectious disease is critical to public health responses. Timor-Leste recorded its first COVID-19 case on March 21st, 2020. Over the course of the following weeks elders held ritual ceremonies across the country to mobilise the ancestors and ask for their assistance to keep COVID-19 at bay. These ceremonies circulated widely on social media within Timor-Leste and among the East Timorese diaspora. In parallel to this initial flourishing of ritual activity the government swiftly enacted legislation to declare a state of emergency, closing international borders and establishing quarantine centres across the country. In many ways the health authorities’ response to COVID-19 has been exemplary, with low case numbers and 0 deaths throughout 2020. However, since February 2021 COVID-19 cases have increased exponentially, exposing social cleavages based on education, language and socio-economic position. With limited resources, the health authorities, and in particular the Centre for Integrated Crisis Management, have focused on prevention, contact tracing and testing, adhering to WHO guidelines and emphasising ‘best practices. Yet, the response has been criticized for being top-down and heavy handed. For example, certain public health measures, such as mandatory testing and burial protocols, have been poorly communicated to the broader community. The use of bio-medical language and introduction of new terms and concepts has been excessively didactic and lacks local contextualization. For the majority of the population of Timor-Leste, especially those living in rural areas, lived experiences of illness and disease are interpreted primarily through and by customary beliefs and practices. The rituals directed towards COVID-19 demonstrate a clear understanding of the nature of infection, contamination, disease, models of causality and fears around infection. They also reveal local capacities to contain epidemics and the ability to learn with the bio-medical response. The levels of participation observed in COVID-19 rituals online and local support for these initiatives expressed on social media suggests at the very least that health authorities should engage with local communities in a two-way dialogue to discuss beliefs and existing prevention strategies that can assist and support public health objectives and measures.

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This paper aims to demonstrate the efficacy of a five-level homelessness prevention typology, encompassing universal, targeted, crisis, emergency, and recovery categories. We argue that this typology can be deployed to illuminate key comparisons in homelessness prevention policy and practice between different jurisdictions and over time. Meanwhile, it avoids the confusions and overlaps that occur in extant categorisations. Using the UK jurisdictions as an empirical testbed for this analytical framework, four key lessons emerge which we contend have resonance across much of the global north. First, though there is growing evidence of the importance of both universal prevention measures (particularly the delivery of affordable housing and poverty reduction), and targeted preventative interventions (focused on high risk groups and transitions), practical action on both fronts has been deeply deficient to date. Second, and more encouragingly, there is a nascent shift in homelessness practice from an overwhelming focus on basic, emergency interventions, towards more upstream attempts to avert the kind of crisis situations that can lead to homelessness arising in the first place. Third, and also welcome, is a trend within recovery interventions from treatment-led to more housing-led models, albeit that this shift has been frustratingly slow to materialise in many countries. Fourth, across all of these categories of homelessness prevention, there remain substantial evidence gaps, especially outside of the US.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Travail et Emploi is the property of DARES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Anxiety disorder, a severe global public health problem, has caused many adverse effects. Effectively preventing anxiety disorder is very important. This paper chose recreational fishing as an intervention measure to explore its effect on preventing anxiety disorder. Methods: The prevention effect of recreational fishing on anxiety disorder and the heterogeneity of this effect were analyzed through the ordinal logistic regression model. The robustness of the main results was tested through the multiple linear regression models. Results: “Fishing” significantly affected the anxiety level of residents. Compared with those who did not participate in outdoor recreational fishing, for those who participated there is a 3.494 decrease in the log odds of being in a higher severity of the anxiety level. With the increase in age, the negative effect of recreational fishing on anxiety levels was significantly lower. Conclusion: We focused on the preventive effect of outdoor recreational fishing on anxiety, contributing to add some evidence for non-medical measures to prevent anxiety disorder. Participation in outdoor recreational fishing has a significant prevention effect on anxiety disorder. Older people have less effect in preventing anxiety disorder by participating in fishing.

The background papers that underlie this report refer to a considerable body of evidence indicating the effectiveness of a number of interventions for falls prevention. These include strength and balance training, environmental modification and medical care aimed at removing or reducing specific risk factors by for example review of medications and reduction of polypharmacy. Falls prevention advice is often perceived as being for other ‘disabled or elderly people’. Programmes that are perceived to impact negatively on selfimage are likely to be unattractive while those, which are viewed as improving skills or characteristics valued by older people, are likely to be more popular. In interviews older people say that they would participate in falls-prevention initiatives to be proactive in managing their own health needs, maintain independence and improve confidence.

Abstract. This paper analyzes the homicide of young men in Mexico. it shows bothe victimization and responsability of men in this crime. Finally, some intersections around youth violence, crime and gender men are discussed

The goal of this paper is to examine whether family conflicts can predict aggression symptoms in adolescents and to provide guidance for intervention and prevention. The research was conducted on a sample of 1036 respondents/high school students (grades 1-4) from Banja Luka and Čelinac (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The 61.3% of the respondents were female. Instruments for assessing the family climate experience were used in the research, the Family Conflict subscale (FCI – Family Climate Inventory; Mihić et al. 2006), as well as the Questionnare for Assessing Agression Symptoms – BODTH (Dinić et al., 2014). The research tested the hypothesis that family conflicts can predit aggression in adolescents. The findings confirmed the hypothesis that family conflict is a statistically significant prediction method for: anger ((F (1,1034)=73,81, p

Nowadays, it is common for information and communication technologies to be available to children at the youngest age. The results of the research conducted globally and in our country indicate that there is an increase in the number of Internet users. The widespread use of the Internet began in the 90s of the previous century and very quickly turned into an enormous pool of information, the new ways of communication, social networks, and the like. As with any other medium, the Internet has so far influenced the changing of life-styles and the ways of communication. The advantages of the Internet for learning and development are reflected in the development of important intellectual competences, an easier access to information, the formation of attitudes and values about the interests and activities that connect them, a quick and easy communication, a more interesting way of learning, and in encouraging creativity. Young people are given an opportunity to attend e-learning academies, and they also have access to online education. However, with the increased and uncontrolled use of the Internet, the risk of the potential exposure of young people to various inappropriate contents, abuse and exploitation is also increasing. The more time children spend on the Internet, the higher the risk of their exposure to various contents that they are especially susceptible to, and that are often inappropriate for children’s age and their level of development. The extent of the harm caused by using the Internet, or whether there will be no harm at all, depends not only on the time spent on the Internet, but also on what it is used for. The aim of this paper is to look at the potential risks of using the Internet and the possibilities of preventing Internet addiction based on the review and analysis of the relevant literature. The concept of Internet addiction came into being in the 90s of the previous century, but there is still no agreement regarding the recognition of this concept, term and etiology, nor about the best methodological approach to it. As information and communication technologies are a part of our everyday life, the role of parents, pedagogues, teachers, and the entire community becomes more complex.

The paper discusses the role of teachers and school professional teams in prevention of digital violence in order to increase the safety of students while using the information and communication technology. The school as the center of the educational process can, with its continuous action, indicate the possible risks in the functioning and usage of information and communication technology, as well as other key factors in prevention of digital violent behavior and social intervention when violence occurs. The social reaction to digital violence implies the application of an active school education strategy that involves acquiring knowledge about the risks and risk behaviors and developing the responsibility of an individual when using digital technologies, then a strategy of action when an individual is exposed to some form of digital violence and sanctions for those who violate the rules. In recent years, scientists and experts have been involved in theoretical and empirical researches in the field of digital violence in order to gain knowledge and raise awareness about the dangers that threaten in the virtual environment. Such initiatives can significantly contribute to the intensification of the educational activities of the school (teachers and professional teams) by pointing to their indispensable role and importance in designing adequate preventive strategies for solving this significant social problem.

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)