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Summary: State of the art: Coping with immunization stress in infants and toddlers has several implications. First, it helps to prevent that parents avoid immunizations for their children. Second, it allows lowering the pain due to the injection itself. Third, it prevents children to live the medical exam as a traumatic experience. However, literature in this domain is scarce and most often devoted to children aged of 6 years and beyond. The aim of this paper is to operate a synthesis of the existing researches in order to highlight the variables upon which practitioners may act upon to help children to cope with the stress of the immunization. Method: We propose in this paper a review of the research literature by selecting prominent references in the scientific databases (e.g. PsycInfo, PubMed, Google Scholar). Results: Fundamental researches have shown that children coping in medical settings depends on individual (e.g. temperament) and relational (e.g. attachment) factors. Applied researches have allowed to test preparatory procedures at a physiological (e.g. topical anesthetics) or at a psychological level (e.g. distraction). They show that the parent may be coached to help the child to cope with the immunization stress. Conclusion: The synthesis of the researches shows the overall efficacy of preparatory procedures. There is however an individual variability depending on the regulation skills of the child and of the parent, and on their attachment relationship. Practitioners should take these factors into account to choose which preparatory procedure, if any, is to be applied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]