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The COVID-19 global health crisis forced border closings, strained resources and tightened funding, forcing humanitarian organisations to innovate. This paper aims to identify gaps in the literature on innovation in humanitarian supply chains, and to develop an appropriate framework for future research through a systematic literature review. We use a systematic literature review approach and synthesis the discussion of innovation in humanitarian supply chains after reviewing 43 papers. The synthesis identifies the different contexts for and outcomes of innovation in humanitarian supply chains. Our findings indicate that research on innovation in humanitarian supply chains is an underdeveloped topic. Gaps we identified in regards to the humanitarian context are: (1) a limited discussion of the contribution by the beneficiary to the supply chain; (2) a limited discussion of reconstruction innovations; (3) a lack of study on field application for complex innovations; (4) the lack of discussion of the role of individual knowledge in humanitarian supply chain innovation and finally (5) a lack of study of position innovations where humanitarian organisations use supply chains as a way to market effectively towards donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous changes in today's market have exposed supply chain (SC) management to severe challenges. Such changes in the market are divided into two general categories: (1) Time-dependent changes such as political, economic, and cultural changes occurring over time and require decision-makers to consider the dynamics of decisions; and (2) Sudden changes and events such as diseases and natural disasters disrupting SCs. This paper investigates the impact of both changes on the decisions of a green supply chain. Moreover, these challenges may affect the organizations' activities in the market and arouse a conflict in the members' goals, leading to competition among members. This paper studies a game model for a dynamic–stochastic supply channel SC with one manufacturer and one retailer, where two types of products (green and non-green) are sold. In this study, two models are dynamically considered: The first model without demand disruptions and the second model with demand disruptions. Finally, the results are compared. On the other hand, due to environmental goals and to survive manufacturers under disruption, the government supports manufacturers in producing green products. Implementing this cooperation, the manufacturer also invests more in improving the greening level of green products, thereby enhancing its demand. Regarding numerous disruptions common in the automotive industry, this case study is conducted on the automotive supply chain to evaluate the models, and the results are presented in the form of numerical examples. Finally, to extract managerial insights, sensitivity analysis is performed on the main parameters of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines demand information value and acquisition strategy for a supply chain composed of a supplier and a retailer under supplier encroachment, and considers the situation that both the enterprises can obtain information directly from the market. The problem is formulated with a Bayesian game model. A signaling mechanism is considered, i.e., the supplier's demand information will be signaled to the retailer through wholesale pricing. Under the signaling mechanism, this paper analyzes whether it is still worthy to the supplier and the retailer of acquiring information at a non-ignorable cost under dual information asymmetry. Moreover, this paper examines the interaction between channel substitution rate and information acquisition. Furthermore, subsidies for inducing information sharing and the signaling effects on the payoffs are also explored. The results propose strategy selections of encroachment and information acquisition based on cost thresholds. A double information inaccuracy effect is discovered, which comes from the fact that an enterprise receives the signal from another supply chain member as well as acquires information from the market. It is interesting to find that the information inaccuracy does not necessarily have a negative effect due to double information inaccuracy. The inaccuracy rate has a positive effect first and then a negative effect on the payoffs of the supply chain under certain conditions. The value of signaling of demand information is analyzed, revealing that lower substitution rate will make the signaling mechanism have a positive impact on the enterprises payoffs. Some managerial insights are presented in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply Chain Projects (SCPs) are essential ways to boost supply chain resilience. Making sound Risk Response Decisions (RRDs) for SCPs matters for business growth. However, SCPs are mainly managed in Project Portfolios (PPs). Decision Interdependency (DI) between projects and dependent uncertain events hinder determining risk response budgets and project success degree. Existing studies cannot effectively resolve them. Thus, this paper proposes a novel three-stage method. First, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is applied to calculate the occurrence probabilities of scenarios formed by dependent uncertain events. In the second stage, considering the DI, the Stackelberg game is utilized to find the optimal risk response budget under each scenario. The final budget is determined by the conception of stratification theory. Third, a fuzzy RRD optimization model is constructed to select strategies within budgets. Finally, an illustrative case is given to prove the feasibility of the proposed method. Its advantages and reliability are validated by sensitivity and comparison analyses, which show: (1) optimal budgets exist; (2) the performance of the proposed method is better than the methods ignoring DI and dependent uncertain events; (3) the dependency of uncertain events affects RRDs; (4) focusing on DI can provide win–win situations for SCPs. This paper offers theoretical and managerial insights on RRDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic and a series of subsequent disruptive events fully exposed the vulnerability of supply chains. Research in the field of resilience in supply chain risk management has recorded significant interest across a wide range of academic disciplines. Therefore, there is a need to synthesize, categorize and explain existing and newly emerging research directions, which may represent relevant platforms for developing supply chain concepts in the future. This study addresses this need by providing a bibliometric review of published papers on resilience in supply chain risk management. By analyzing more than 2500 published papers through bibliometric and machine-learning-based methods, we identified ten topics related to risk and resilience of supply chains: Pandemic impacts of food supply chain; Practices for capability and performance; Supplier-related modeling and optimization; System security and critical infrastructure; Production changes; IT in manufacturing process; Sustainability in global economy; Management and business approach; Modeling and design of complex networks; Operational strategies for risk mitigation. By analyzing articles published since 2020, we also identified a change in the direction of research dedicated to supply chain risk and resilience; we identified three other topics that were not recognized as distinct topics prior to 2020—Operational management; strategy; Sustainable production. The results of this study help in understanding the change in the direction of research in the area of risk and resilience of supply chains and thus provide up-to-date information for further research in this dynamically developing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, as market competition intensifies and competition costs rise, manufacturers are increasingly incentivized to engage in anti-competitive contracts or collusion, disrupting the market and harming non-colluding members; on top of all, the growing dominance of e-tailers further complicates supply chain relationships. While addressing the research gap in the specific dynamics between e-tailers and multiple manufacturers in the context of collusion and competition, the principal objective of this article is to get the best sales strategies and decision-making methods according to the standpoint of manufacturers, the e-tailer, and the entire supply chain. This study investigates the relationships and decisions of supply chain members, including an online retailer (e-tailer) and two manufacturers. Our findings indicate that fines for manufacturer collusion and higher e-tailer referral fees can reduce collusion incentives in reselling formats. When both manufacturers sell their products in a reselling sale format, the overall supply chain profit is appreciably higher in all cases, including centralized decision-making, Stackelberg-Bertrand competition, collusion, and deviation. Additionally, different sales formats increase collusion likelihood compared to identical formats, though reselling formats make collusion more sustainable. E-tailers should invest in high-intensity services to boost profitability, while manufacturers prioritize the agency sale format for optimal profits. The findings of this paper are significant as they provide practical guidance for supply chain management and help in monitoring commercial behavior to prevent collusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer produces a product with a national brand (NB) and the retailer selling both the NB product and his own premium store brand (PSB) product. The manufacturer competes with the retailer through improving the quality by using innovation over time. It is assumed that both advertising and enhanced quality play positive roles in customers' loyalty over time for the NB product. We propose four scenarios, including: (1) Decentralized (D), (2) Centralized (C), (3) Coordination with a revenue-sharing contract (RSH), and (4) Coordination with a two-part tariff contract (TPT). A Stackelberg differential game model is developed, and parametric analyses and managerial insights are provided based on a numerical example. Our results show that: (1) Introducing a PSB product alongside selling the NB product is profitable for the retailer, (2) In Scenario D and RSH, the manufacturer tries to increase the quality gap with the PSB product through innovation, (3) Customers' loyalty leads to higher prices, levels of innovation, quality, and advertising for the NB product, (4) The TPT contract can lead to perfect coordination and yield higher profits for the manufacturer and the retailer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]