140 results
Search Results
2. "It tears the heart right out of you": Memories of Striker Replacement at International Paper Company in De Pere, Wisconsin, 1987-88.
- Author
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Minchin, Timothy J.
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *LABOR disputes , *CORPORATE divestiture , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *LABOR economics - Abstract
In the summer of 1987, more than 370 workers at Nicolet Paper Company in De Pere, Wisconsin, walked out on strike after refusing to agree to a wide range of concessions demanded by International Paper Company (IP), Nicolet's parent company. Within a few weeks, however, IP had permanently replaced the strikers, a tactic that became increasingly common in the 1980s. The author uses oral history interviews to provide a valuable, unique insight into the effects of the permanent replacement tactic, which bitterly divided the small community and left workers with psychological scars that were all too apparent more than a decade later. As the Nicolet workers were part of a broader showdown between IP and the United Paper workers' International Union, the article also helps to illuminate the history of a major labor dispute of the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Projecting EU Regimes Abroad: The EU Data Protection Directive as Global Standard.
- Author
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Heisenberg, Dorothee and Fandel, Marie-Helene
- Subjects
- *
DATA protection , *PRIVACY , *PRESSURE groups , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The paper aims to understand under what conditions the EU can set an international standard. It details the 1995 EU Data Privacy Directive and the reaction of the United States to it. The Directive has now become the de facto international privacy regime, binding US companies that do business with Europe. It thus becomes the first global standard that the US has been impacted by without having had input into its content. Given that the EU aspires to a greater role in transnational governance (White Paper on European Governance, 2001), what were the important factors necessary for the EU's success in this issue? This paper analyzes three different hypotheses that exist in the literature: 1) US government officials readjusting their views about the need for a comprehensive privacy policy after "communicative action" with the EU, 2) the successful threat of EU market exclusion backed up by the "shield" of the WTO exemption for privacy, and 3) US domestic interest groups trying to use the EU directive (gaiatsu) to accomplish a domestic agenda that they could not push through alone because of US domestic preference aggregation failure. The paper finds support for the third interpretation of the EU's success. For this reason, there may not be many other areas in which the EU can successfully project its regime preferences internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
4. Corporate Disruption: The Law and Design of Organizations in the Twenty-First Century.
- Author
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Callison, William, Fenwick, Mark, McCahery, Joseph A., and Vermeulen, Erik P. M.
- Subjects
- *
CORPORATION law , *SMALL business , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *CORPORATE legal departments - Abstract
This paper explores the issue of 're-making' corporate law through the prism of the United Nations' recent efforts at reducing legal obstacles experienced by micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises in starting and scaling a business. In order to be fully successful, this paper suggests that the UN should go back to business fundamentals and should attempt to build from the ground up based on the real world needs of entrepreneurs, rather than work off already existing corporate legal systems. In this way, it is possible to engage in a more imaginative form of regulatory design in which a clear, open and preferential legal framework for stimulating innovation and business creation can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Networks of Political Action and Socio-Technical Coordination: Business Associations in the U.S. Information and Communications Sector.
- Author
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Bauer, Johannes M. and Schneider, Volker H.
- Subjects
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STRATEGIC alliances (Business) , *ECONOMIC competition , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *BUSINESS networks , *SOCIAL networks , *SOCIAL groups , *COMMERCE , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
This paper reports the findings of a theoretical and empirical analysis of the associational structures and patterns of competition, cooperation and coordination between important business associations in the U.S. information and communications sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
6. Recent Studies on Common Ownership, Firm Behavior, and Market Outcomes.
- Author
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Schmalz, Martin C.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC competition , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *ANTITRUST law , *LABOR incentives , *EMPLOYEE morale - Abstract
The literature on competitive effects of common ownership has grown at a fast rate in the past two years. Anticompetitive effects have been confirmed with alternative reduced-form and structural estimation methods, in different industries, geographies, and jurisdictions. Multiple independent studies have disproven early critiques of the literature. Other papers document the heterogeneity of common ownership effects on competition across markets and industries. Important advances were made on the study of the economic mechanisms and governance channels that implement anti-competitive incentives. New theory refines the interpretation of existing empirical work. Access to high-quality ownership and product-market data remains a bottleneck for meaningful research in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Politics, Collective Action, and the Organization of Industry Lobbying.
- Author
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Drutman, Lee
- Subjects
- *
TRADE associations & politics , *CORPORATE political activity , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *COLLECTIVE action - Abstract
American businesses conduct a substantial amount of political lobbying through associations, yet the role of trade associations is largely absent from research into corporate political activity. This paper argues that trade association and firm lobbying primarily cover different functions â" trade association activity is mostly oriented around industry goods and regulatory politics; firm lobbying is mostly oriented around company goods and distributive politics. Yet, there are also some substitution effects â" trade associations do a significant amount of work that companies would otherwise do themselves. Additionally, trade associations also sometimes work as complements to firm lobbying by putting issues on the agenda and creating more opportunities for firms to lobby, particular large firms who have the resources and have a lot at stake. But overall, the fact that roughly two-thirds of lobbying activity is through firms suggests that there are substantial private benefits driving corporate lobbying, which explains why collective action has not played a significant role in prior models explaining corporate political activity. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
8. The Partisanship of U.S. Business Firms, 1979-2006.
- Author
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Witko, Christopher
- Subjects
- *
PARTISANSHIP , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *UNITED States political parties ,UNITED States politics & government - Abstract
It has long been observed by political scientists that business interests are usually bipartisan in their support for candidates. While in the aggregate this is true, there is substantial variation within the business community, and in this paper I consider why some corporate PACs decide to heavily favor the Republican Party. The analysis demonstrates that the type of business a firm is engaged in and the local partisan context they operate in shapes their interactions with candidates from the two major parties and helps to make some firms behave in a highly partisan manner. I also consider long-term patterns of behavior and find, however, that very few firms are highly or consistently partisan over several election cycles. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
9. The Tail that Wags the Dog: Business Interests and North American Deep Integration.
- Author
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Castro-Rea, Julián and McCoy, John S.
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *SOCIAL integration , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,NORTH American Free Trade Agreement - Abstract
While it is presented as in the best interest of the general public, the current process of deep integration in North America is in fact pushed by a political coalition of business representatives, government officials, civil society organizations and members of academia. This narrow, selective coalition speaks with one voice and tries to keep other actors outside the process. Generally supported by the federal executives in the three countries, this coalition is driving a process of "evolution by stealth" aimed at streamlining the institutional framework for doing business throughout the continent.Tracking the corporate connections of the top companies in the US, Canada and Mexico we will show that country distinctions are secondary when identifying the actors pushing for deep integration.NAFTA has already largely integrated North American networks of production, investment and distribution, making the economic and political interests of the top business groups in North America converge. One critical outcome of NAFTA has been the progression consolidation of North American business class. This transnational business class is the backbone of support to deep integration beyond economic matters, and it is behind political, social, academic and media proponents of a tightly integrated North America. Borders matter to this group only to the extent they provide competitive advantages to business operations. Otherwise, from this group's perspective, borders may as well disappear. This is precisely what deep integration aims at institutionalizing.From an international political economy perspective, this paper will track some existing connections within the corporate elite in North America; in order to provide evidence of the emergence of a transnational North American business class. It will show how members of this group are interdependent, their interests converging in similar directions. Moreover, it will show there is a great deal of overlap between large business in the three countries, and this situation is constantly accentuated with mergers and acquisitions that increase ownership concentration. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
10. The Political Roots of Small Business Identity.
- Author
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Young, McGee
- Subjects
- *
SMALL business , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *BUSINESS & politics , *POLITICAL development , *ECONOMIC competition , *NEW Deal, 1933-1939 - Abstract
A divided and largely hapless small business lobby failed to advocate effectively on behalf of small firms in the post-New Deal era. While interest group scholars have accepted collective action based arguments for patterns of under-mobilization, this paper challenges conventional wisdom by examining historical and institutional causes of small business political development. It shows a fractured small business community emerging out of the populist era, and subsequent policy developments institutionalizing divisions and rivalries among competing factions. During the New Deal, when opportunities arose to forge a new consensus among small business groups, policymakers instead followed old scripts and reinforced received identities. Consequently, small business never came to occupy an important space in the post-New Deal political order. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
11. Paper companies post profit gains, but see slowdown.
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *PAPER industry - Abstract
Reports that major paper and wood-products companies displayed continuous growth in the fourth quarter, while the others showed signs of weakness. Increase in net income by Georgia-Pacific Incorporated; Performance of other companies.
- Published
- 1996
12. The impact of external knowledge sourcing on innovation outcomes in rural and urban businesses in the U.S.
- Author
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Dotzel, Kathryn R. and Faggian, Alessandra
- Subjects
- *
INNOVATIONS in business , *KNOWLEDGE management , *INFORMATION resources management , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *RURAL Americans , *GREEN technology , *TECHNOLOGY transfer - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between external knowledge sourcing and a diverse set of innovation outcomes in rural and urban establishments in the U.S. Existing studies in the broader knowledge management literature principally examine firms in a single industry, overwhelmingly rely on patent data to proxy for innovation, and cannot account for the innovations of businesses in rural American markets. By addressing these limitations using data from the 2014 Rural Establishment Innovation Survey of the USDA's Economic Research Service, this research provides novel insights into how externally acquired knowledge by American establishments may support innovation. Results of the analysis suggest that external knowledge sourcing may specifically promote product, process, and green innovation in U.S. firms. While collective results when external sources of information are divided by industry orientation fail to show that sources outside of a firm's industry play a dominant role in the innovation processes of American establishments in general, findings provide evidence for an outsized impact of these relationships within rural establishments specifically and suggest that external knowledge sourcing from extra‐industry organizations is most critical for promoting successful innovation in rural firms. Results additionally indicate that knowledge sourcing from non‐local organizations may be more important for supporting innovation in rural compared to urban markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Future of Legal Services papers prompt comments but little consensus.
- Author
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Li, Victor
- Subjects
- *
LEGAL services -- Social aspects , *CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *LAW firms , *SAFE harbor , *ALTERNATIVE business structures (Law firms) , *PROPERTY , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
The article discusses the social aspects of the American Bar Association Commission on the Future of Legal Services' release of two issue papers in 2016 which address the best ways to close an access to legal services gap, and it mentions a lack of consensus regarding the commission's recommendations. The merits of alternative business structures are examined, along with safe harbor provisions and the question of whether nonlawyers should be allowed to have ownership interests in law firms.
- Published
- 2016
14. Treasury Goes Off the Map.
- Author
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Denning, Liam
- Subjects
- *
COMMERCIAL paper issues , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *COMMERCIAL credit , *NEGOTIABLE instruments , *FINANCIAL bailouts - Abstract
The article focuses on commercial paper funding facility and the $700 billion financial bailout plan by the U.S. government. It reports that commercial paper is the "life-blood" of corporate America and companies may not be able to operate without the instrument. It also says that the 90-day commercial paper gives creditors the confidence to lend money knowing that it will be guaranteed by the government.
- Published
- 2008
15. Risk planning for interdependencies: from theory to practice.
- Author
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Booth, Rupert
- Subjects
- *
RISK management in business , *STANDARDS , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *VALUATION of corporations - Abstract
This paper first reviews a range of risk management frameworks before selecting two models for further consideration, namely the latest international standard for risk management and the standard for enterprise risk management, originating in the USA. The paper then considers three recent major incidents and notes some common characteristics and proposes three tools to identify and mitigate risks arising from interdependency, for use within the two frameworks previously discussed. Finally, the paper considers the complications of appraising inter-connected investments with multiple objectives and outlines a variety of appraisal methods, including multi-criteria analysis and real options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Putting Innovation in Place: Policy Strategies for Industrial Services, Regional Clusters, and Manufacturing SMEs in Japan and the United States.
- Author
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Shapira, Philip
- Subjects
- *
UNITED States manufacturing industries , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *SMALL business , *BUSINESS size , *BUSINESS enterprises , *GLOBALIZATION , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
This paper examines the evolving situation of mature manufacturing small and midsize enterprises (SMEs) in Japan and the United States and considers some of the key challenges they now face in an era of globalization and rapid technological change. The rationale and justification for policy intervention to support mature SMEs is considered. A review is offered of illustrative policy initiatives in three areas: framework policies, industrial services, and regional industrial cluster policies. The convergence of manufacturing and regional policies is noted. The relative strengths and weaknesses of Japanese and US strategies are assessed. The paper concludes with a comparison of Japanese and US approaches to retaining manufacturing SMEs, interpreted through the various and at times interactive ways through which each country's innovation system develops and evolves technology and business support policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Globalizing Firms and Small Communities: The Apparel Industry's Changing Connection to Rural Labor Markets.
- Author
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Collins, Jane L. and Quark, Amy
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *CLOTHING industry , *CLOTHING & dress , *LABOR market , *LABOR costs , *EMPLOYEES , *LABOR supply , *EMPLOYMENT forecasting , *COMMUNITY life , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper explores changing relationships between apparel firms and rural labor markets in Wisconsin over the last decade. Mainstream explanations of recent changes in the apparel industry suggest that rural communities will lose tedious or physically demanding, low-skilled apparel manufacturing jobs but will gain more information-intensive and desirable "apparel service" employment. Through case studies of apparel firms located in two Wisconsin communities, the paper argues that current changes in the industry not only affect communities unevenly but, even in regions where apparel service firms have provided significant numbers of new jobs, these jobs are less well paid, more casually structured, and less secure than manufacturing employment has been. The paper argues that current concepts of the economic embeddedness of firms in communities need to be refined to permit consideration of the kinds of leverage and voice that community organizations have in confronting new forms of corporate capital. The two case studies demonstrate that corporate embeddedness and its labor market outcomes are linked to changes in the global market in which firms compete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The paper(less) chase.
- Author
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Coffee, Peter
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *ELECTRONIC data processing - Abstract
The Association for Computing Machinery reminded the author of the pursuit of the paperless lifestyle with its choice last week of Hewlett-Packard Co. Labs' senior fellow, Alan Kay as the winner of its Turing Award for 2003. About 35 years ago, Kay envisioned what he called the Dynabook-a device similar to a Tablet personal computer but with better programming tools and with aids that even grade-school children could use to collaborate and learn. Three decades after Kay first imagined replacing books with Dynabooks, U.S. businesses were still spending approximately $1 billion a year designing and printing paper forms, then spending about 30 times that amount on filing, storing and retrieving them. They spent more than twice as much again on maintaining, updating and distributing the documents. If workers could get their jobs done without all that dead-tree debris being painstakingly produced, lovingly stored and laboriously moved around, it would pay for much of the cost of the entire IT apparatus-even if the productivity of the workers who use those documents' content merely stayed the same.
- Published
- 2004
19. Recycling performance of firms before and after adoption of the ISO 14001 standard
- Author
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Babakri, Khalid A., Bennett, Robert A., Rao, Subba, and Franchetti, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
WASTE recycling , *ISO 14001 Standard , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of ISO 14001 certification on recycling performance. The research is based on a survey conducted on a sample of certified industrial companies that operate in United States. The paper reveals that companies’ recycling performance is significantly positively affected by certification. The paper also reveals that earlier certified companies experience better recycling performance than more recently certified companies. Finally, the paper shows that smaller firms experience greater improvement in recycling performance than larger firms due to ISO 14001 certification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Characteristics of Successful Collaborations to Produce Educated Software Engineering Professionals.
- Author
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Ellis, Heidi J.C., Mead, Nancy R., Moreno, Ana, Tanner, Cynthia D., and Ramsey, Dawn
- Subjects
- *
SOFTWARE engineering , *ENGINEERS , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
Currently, a large gap exists between the number of open software engineering positions and the number of qualified software engineers to fill those positions. The Industry/University (I/U) subgroup of the Working Group on Software Engineering Education and Training (WGSEET) is investigating active collaborations between companies and universities in which non-software professionals and practitioners without formal software education are reeducated to become software engineers. This paper describes the current status of work performed by the I/U subgroup in the investigation of reeducation collaborations. It is our goal to identify the common characteristics of successful collaborations in order to provide guidance to universities and companies when constructing a collaborative program, as well as to promote future collaborations. In this paper, we report on the current activity of the I/U subgroup, describe the features of successful collaborations identified so far in our research, and provide some conclusions as to the usefulness of such collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Location and the Innovation Performance of Commercial GIS Companies.
- Author
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Hartung, Valerie and MacPherson, Alan
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *FINANCE - Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper looks at the role of firm size, location, and in-house research and development (R&D) in the innovation performance of U.S. firms in the commercial geographic information systems (GIS) industry. Data from a survey of 300 GIS firms are presented. The results suggest that innovation-intensity varies directly with in-house R&D spending (scaled as a proportion of company sales), but inversely with company size (total employment). Significant regional variations in the innovation performance of GIS firms are identified. It is argued that the geography of innovation is influenced by the spatial distribution of young and/or small firms, in that R&D-productivity is found to vary inversely with company size. An important finding is that creative inputs to support innovation are almost evenly divided between internal and external sources. A surprising result is that the academic community is not viewed as a particularly important source of new ideas for innovative firms. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the survey data for future empirical work on the GIS sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Political Economy of Renewable Energy in the US and Europe.
- Author
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Levy, David
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy sources & economics , *INTERNATIONAL environmental law , *POWER resources , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
This paper uses a political economy lens to examine the growth of renewable energy, as a source of power and as a business sector, in the US and Europe. The paper reports on a study of renewable energy sectors in Massachusetts, and assesses the ability of state authorities to make a significant impact on renewable energy production and associated economic activity. The conceptual framework draws from and integrates theories of international environmental regimes with theories of technological development. We posit that the growth of renewable energy takes place within national and transnational networks of governance comprising formal regimes at multiple levels, informal norms and practices, as well as market structures and processes. Actors within these networks include states and sub-national authorities, multilateral institutions, firms and NGOs. Technological development and market growth of renewables are thus viewed as embedded in a broad social, economic, and political system of governance. Corporate strategies and public policy thus interact within, as well as constitute, the fabric of environmental governance. The paper compares and contrasts several aspects of this system of governance in the US and Europe. Hopes for an effective regime to address climate change have shifted from a mandatory multilateral agreement, the Kyoto protocol, to a plethora of regional, national, and sub-national programs and initiatives. These policy responses include carbon emission limits and trading systems, direct subsidies for renewables, and Renewable Portfolio Standards that mandate the use of specific proportions of renewable energy in electricity generation. Such policy responses are required because the market will not, by itself, respond adequately to the environmental challenge. Given the rapid growth expected in global markets for low-emission technologies, the policy agenda is also driven by economic development goals, as countries and US states vie for competitiveness and market share in these emerging markets. The growth of renewable energy has been particularly strong in Europe, and two Danish companies are the world?s leading suppliers of wind energy turbines. While there has been significant growth in the US, it lags in comparison to Europe. The paper argues that policy in the US is characterized by fragmentation, uncertainty, lack of coordination, a lack of substantive taxes or subsidies, and the absence of a meaningful overall emissions reduction target. City and state level programs are often, as a result, small scale and frequently comprise a repackaging of existing policies. Cities generally lack the institutional, technical, and administrative capacity for effective action. Given federal and state budget priorities, financial resources are very limited. In Massachusetts, for example, renewable energy activities are funded by a ?systems benefit charge? of 0.0005 cents/kWh. A fund to reimburse nuclear power plant companies for their losses, by contrast, is funded from an electricity charge that is thirty times as large. The federal wind tax credit of 1.5 cents/kWh is only renewed annually, often retroactively, giving potential investors little predictability. Without hard emission caps, the price of carbon in voluntary trading schemes is very low. Federal (and corporate) investments in low-emission technologies have tended to focus on advanced, breakthrough technologies, with little regard for their commercial viability or reliability. In Europe, by contrast, policies tend to be better funded, targeted, and more consistent. Wind subsidies are a case in point, and centralized government action has offset the political weakness of the renewable energy industry. The plethora of state, local, and regional initiatives in Europe take place against a backdrop of confidence that firm EU-wide emissions targets will be set. Technological innovation has emphasized incremental change, reliability, and market viability. The activities of large multinational companies (MNCs) in fossil fuel related sectors reflect these regional differences. It is argued that European MNCs, particularly in the oil industry, have made significant investments in renewables due to their relatively weak position in the European political economy and the policy environment in the EU around the climate change issue. In addition, these companies lack the history of significant losses and unstable policy that American companies have experienced in relation to renewables. These companies are also optimistic regarding future demand for low-emissions technologies. In the United States, by contrast, the lack of a coherent federal climate change policy and the strong political position of energy companies has resulted in little pressure on existing energy-related MNCs to invest in renewables. Moreover, US companies tend to have institutionalized pessimistic assumptions regarding low-emission technologies and consumer flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
23. The Quantification of Social Action in U.S. Corporations.
- Author
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Massetti, Brenda, Angelidis, John, and Murphy-Holahan, Mariellen
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL action , *SOCIAL responsibility of business , *SOCIAL accounting , *DOW Jones industrial average , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
Media depictions of corporate social action are increasing (Economy, 2013; Fallon, 2014). Given concerns for the sustainability of our civilization and environment (Hartmann, 2004), increased corporate social action helps ensure a more secure future (Bansal, 2002). This paper attempts to substantiate these anecdotal accounts by using the Kinder, Lyndenburg, Domini (KLD) rating's database to examine the social performance of companies comprising the Dow Jones Industrial Average. A five year analysis found progress in eight of the variables examined including Innovative Giving; Employee Involvement; Health and Safety Concerns; and, Regulatory Problems. Results also indicate opportunities abound for increased corporate social action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
24. Frederick Winslow Taylor and His Lasting Legacy of Functional Leadership Competence.
- Author
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Savino, David M.
- Subjects
- *
LEADERSHIP , *MANAGEMENT education , *INDUSTRIALIZATION , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
In the century since his death a great deal of speculation surrounds just how much Taylor has meant to business and industry functional and leadership practices in the United States and the world. It is generally acknowledged that Taylor not only greatly influenced how work was done in the 20th century but also had a direct impact on contemporary management practices and management education. This paper is an attempt to chronicle the life and work of a most extraordinary man who changed the way production, work processes and leadership practices are formulated and put into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
25. IV. Economic and Policy Implications of the Cost of Capital Allowance System.
- Author
-
Kleinbard, Edward D.
- Subjects
- *
INCOME tax , *TAXATION of business enterprises , *CAPITAL costs , *CAPITAL structure , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *INCOME tax rates & tables - Abstract
The article discusses the economic and policy implications of the proposed Business Enterprise Income Tax (BEIT) system in the U.S. According to the author, the cost of capital allowance system (COCA) must eliminate the role of tax engineering in shaping the capital structure of a business enterprise because the enterprise's COCA deduction would be unaffected by the labels attached to the financial capital instruments it issues. It is expected that BEIT would add progressivity to the income tax system without affecting the individual income tax rates.
- Published
- 2007
26. INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES AND COMMUNITIES OF INTEREST AMONG AMERICAN RAILROAD COMPANIES, 1905.
- Author
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Roy, William G. and Bonacich, Philip
- Subjects
- *
CORPORATIONS , *INTERLOCKING directorates , *CORPORATE directors , *COMMUNITIES , *RAILROAD companies , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
The debate about the separation of ownership and control has focused primarily on internal control of corporations. This study examines the relationship between ownership and control at the interorganizational level. It investigates the relationship between the structure of interorganizational title, as indicated by proprietary communities of interest, and the structure of interorganizational control, as shown by clusters of firms that recruited their boards from the same sets of directors. Secondarily the paper investigates the structure of centrality in the interlocking directorates, for which managerial theory predicts a close relationship between size and centrality. Examining American railroads in 1905, the results show that (1) while ownership and control may or may not have been separate at the level of the individual firm, at the interorganizational level the structure of title conforms very closely to the structure of control; and (2) the structure of centrality exhibits no singular hierarchy, but distinct clusters. Moreover, major companies were not highly central in the entire network, but were instead dominant within particular clusters, suggesting that centralization does not always engender power. The paper concludes that the debate over ownership and con trol should focus on both organizational and interorganizational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Industrial gentrification in West Chelsea, New York: Who survived and who did not? Empirical evidence from discrete-time survival analysis.
- Author
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Yoon, Heeyeun and Currid-Halkett, Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
GENTRIFICATION , *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) , *CULTURAL industries , *COMMERCIAL art galleries , *INDUSTRIES , *DISCRETE-time systems , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *TWENTY-first century , *INDUSTRIES & society , *SOCIAL history ,SOCIAL aspects ,21ST century economics - Abstract
This paper empirically tests the extent to which economic restructuring and gentrification affect viability and vulnerability businesses, with specific focus on arts and cultural industries in West Chelsea from 2000 through 2012. Based on the theoretical framework, gentrification stage model and adopting discrete-time survival analysis, we separately compare the risks of opening and closing between businesses established before/early stage of revitalisation (early-arrivers) and those established in the later stage (late-arrivers) within West Chelsea, versus their counterparts in the remainder of the study area in New York. We find that West Chelsea has been an advantageous location overall for late-arrivers in surviving in their market, while the early-arrived gallery and individual artists’ enterprises have faced a higher risk of their operations closing. On the other hand, a higher proportion of new gallery and arts and cultural industries remain attracted to West Chelsea after 2000, suggesting that firms in those industries may be benefiting from the agglomeration effects and localisation economies associated with colocation. The higher opening probability of lodging venues (e.g. hotels) and other amenities signals an overall transformation of the neighbourhood and influx of new uses (and visitors) observed during this time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Do Economic Development Efforts Benefit All? Business Attraction and Income Inequality.
- Author
-
Xiaobing Shuai
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development research , *INCOME inequality , *JOB satisfaction , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
This paper extends the current literature on county-level income distribution in the United States by explicitly exploring the effect of business-attraction efforts by state governments. Using county-level job attraction and retention data from 2000 to 2005 in Virginia to explain the income distribution from 2006 to 2010, while controlling for demographic and socioeconomic conditions of local communities, this study shows that bringing in manufacturing jobs can reduce income inequality at the local level while attracting jobs in professional and business services tends to increase local income inequality. The results indicate that state and local governments' efforts to attract and retain manufacturing jobs help improve local income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. White paper: The government contracting market is huge (with related video).
- Author
-
Keating, Michael
- Subjects
- *
CONTRACTORS , *GOVERNMENT purchasing , *GOVERNMENT contractors , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *EDUCATION - Abstract
The article focuses on the white paper of Onvia describes the U.S. State, local and education (SLED) government contracting market titled "Sizing Up the $1.5 Trillion State & Local Contracting Market." Topics discussed include huge market fragmented with five distinct levels of government with increased purchasing entities; purchases and planned purchases at public agencies by government contractors; and Onvia's datasets that can help businesses determine top agencies in the market.
- Published
- 2015
30. Private Interest, Public Good, or Both? An Analysis of Fortune 500 Anti-Discrimination and Benefits Policies.
- Author
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DiSarro, Brian
- Subjects
- *
GAY rights , *ANTI-discrimination laws , *EMPLOYMENT discrimination , *EMPLOYEE benefits , *LEGAL status of gay people , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
Over the past several years, many political scientists have addressed the subject of gay rights in the United States. Some have investigated the adoption of anti-discrimination laws at the local level while others have focused on the state level. However, very few have sought to examine the impact of corporate policies on public policymaking. This study seeks to bridge those gaps by joining the literature on gay rights, interest groups, and policy diffusion with Richard Florida's sociological findings concerning the American workplace. Specifically, I seek to address the increasing-yet rarely studied-role that major corporations are playing in shaping gay rights policy. The results strongly indicate that while traditional partisan/ideological differences are still paramount, that large corporations (especially Fortune 500 companies) play a significant role in pressuring state governments to enact more tolerant public policies. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
31. SOX Implementation Can be a Savior or a Burden: Scholars' & Practitioners' Review.
- Author
-
Daniel, Tse W. K.
- Subjects
- *
CORPORATE governance , *RESEARCH , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *ACCOUNTING , *STOCKHOLDERS , *BUSINESS finance ,UNITED States. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Abstract
With the rapid evolution of computer systems in business organizations worldwide, use of computer systems must be controlled. Because of the characteristics of information, they may give rise to the security problems of information. Most business organizations rely on business information for decision making and even status reporting to stockholders, misuse of accounting information, fraudulent business activities or misrepresentation of company financial status may arise if there is no control over the data subject, data user and data custodian. Corporate governance is required in this regard. SOX implementation is one of the corporate governance tools and has been compulsorily adopted by all American-related companies as well as being widely adopted by non-American companies globally. This paper reviews past literature on SOX implementation in order to establish whether it can help to eradicate the above problems or only bring burdens to stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Paper tiger.
- Author
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Anderson, James A.
- Subjects
- *
STOCKS (Finance) , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
Presents a chart showing the stock performance of companies in the United States as of November 3, 1998. Includes MCI Worldcom; Ballantyne of Omaha; Omnicare.
- Published
- 1999
33. TINO'S BOTTOMLESS TANKS OF OIL.
- Author
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Miller, Norman C.
- Subjects
- *
SOYBEAN oil industry , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *FRAUD , *MERGERS & acquisitions , *CORPORATE growth - Abstract
This article profiles Anthony De Angelis, noted businessman and owner of vegetable oil refineries in New Jersey. The famous Soy Bean Scandal which struck the Wall Street last year has destroyed the New York brokerage firm, Haupt & Co., and forced another prominent brokerage, J. R. Williston & Beane Inc., into a merger. All of these companies had one thing in common, that they loaned money against or otherwise accepted at face value innumerable slips of paper representing the assets of Allied Crude Vegetable Oil Refining Corp., controlled by De Angelis. On paper, Allied's assets consisted of enormous quantities of soybean, cotton-seed and other oils, which it kept in tanks at Bayonne, New Jersey. De Angelis set out single-mindedly to make himself the biggest fats and oils operator in the U.S. When he succeeded, he relished the power it gave him to move oil and men, and lusted for even greater coups.
- Published
- 1964
34. Industry and world news.
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER industry , *HIGH technology industries , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *CONTESTS , *AWARDS - Abstract
The article presents information on various developments in the computer industry. The United States trade surplus in computers and business equipment in the first six months of 1982 was $3.4 billion. Lower exports to major world trade areas, coupled with higher imports, reduced the surplus to five percent below the 1981 figure of $3.6 billion. The Institute of Management Sciences and TIMS College on the Practice of Management Science announce the 12th Annual International Prize Competition for the TIMS Award for Management Science Achievement. The Competition will be held in Chicago in conjunction with the TIMS/ORSA National Meeting on April 24, 1983. The cash award for the winning work will be $6,000. Cash awards in lesser amounts may be awarded to all finalists. The primary intent of the Competition is to recognize outstanding examples of management science practice. The prize is awarded not for a presented paper but for the implemented work described in the paper. To be eligible, entries must report a completed, practical application and must present results that have had a significant, verifiable, and preferably quantifiable impact on the performance of the organization under study.
- Published
- 1982
35. DOES EMPLOYING UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS GIVE FIRMS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE?
- Author
-
Brown, J. David, Hotchkiss, Julie L., and Quispe‐Agnoli, Myriam
- Subjects
- *
COMPETITIVE advantage in business , *EMPLOYEE selection , *EMPLOYEES , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *PRODUCTION (Economic theory) - Abstract
ABSTRACT Using administrative data from the state of Georgia, this paper finds that, on average, across all firms, employing undocumented workers reduces a firm's hazard of exit by 19 percent. The advantage to firms from employing undocumented workers increases as more firms in the industry do so, decreases with the skill level of the firm's workers, increases with the breadth of a firm's market, and increases with the labor intensity of the firm's production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. THE EVOLUTION OF THE LARGEST US CORPORATIONS IN THE PERIOD 2011-2012.
- Author
-
TOMA, Sorin-George, BURCEA, Marin, and IRIMIA, Eugen
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *ORGANIZATIONAL performance , *CORPORATE profits , *BUSINESS conditions , *GLOBALIZATION , *ECONOMIC competition - Abstract
Since the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century big corporations have evolved into one of the main business organizations of the world. Moreover, large corporations started to dominate many industries in the United States (US). Today, in the globalization era, they have become much more powerful as in the past. The US corporations are major players in the business world and influence our lives. The aim of our paper is to analyze the evolution of the first ten largest US corporations by their revenues and profits in the 2011-2012 period. The research type is a literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
37. STUDENTS' PROPENSITY TOWARD BUSINESS OWNERSHIP.
- Author
-
Tomkiewicz, Joseph, Bass, Kenneth, and Robinson, Joanna
- Subjects
- *
BUSINESS students , *EMPLOYMENT of college graduates , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *EMPLOYMENT , *FEAR of success , *AMBITION , *LABOR market - Abstract
During periods of economic turmoil and uncertainty, employment opportunities are often greatly diminished. The Great Recession beginning in 2007 caused such a labor market disruption, hitting new college graduates especially hard. Under such conditions, business ownership may appeal to some as a conceivable substitution to "finding a job." The present paper sought to investigate the predisposition of students in a college of business to operate their own business or to work for an established organization. Further, measures for fear of success and fear of appearing incompetent were examined to see whether either, or both, influence either preference. Both underclass students and graduating seniors were surveyed. Results showed that while many students at both levels expressed a preference for operating their own business, considerably fewer believed it to be a likely outcome. Also, males expressed a higher preference than did females for operating their own business. The relationship of the fear of success and the fear of appearing incompetent with the decision to operate one's own business was inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
38. Market risks in asset management companies.
- Author
-
Scherer, Bernd
- Subjects
- *
ASSET management , *RISK management in business , *BUSINESS revenue , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *INVESTMENT advisors - Abstract
This paper shows that revenues from a sample of publicly traded US asset management companies carry substantial market risks. Not only does this challenge the academic risk management literature about the predominance of operative risks in asset management, it is also at odds with current practice in asset management firms. Asset managers do not hedge market risks even though these risks are systematically built into the revenue generation process. This is surprising as shareholders would not optimally choose asset management companies as their source of market beta. They rather prefer to participate in alpha generation and fund gathering expertise of investment managers as financial intermediaries. At the very minimum, asset managers need to monitor their ‘fees at risk’ to understand what impact product design, benchmark choice and fee contract design have on revenue volatility. This calls for a much wider interpretation of the risk management function that too narrowly focuses on client risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Privacy, Security, and Hegemony in Cyberspace: The Transatlantic Public-Private Debate over the USA Patriot Act.
- Author
-
Cowles, Maria Green
- Subjects
- *
PRIVACY , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *TERRORISM , *COMPUTER security , *INTERNET industry , *RIGHT of privacy - Abstract
ISA 2004 Paper Proposal: Privacy, Security, and Hegemony in Cyberspace: The Transatlantic Public-Private Debate over the USA Patriot Act Maria Green Cowles In the aftermath of September 11th, the United States Congress passed the USA Patriot Act, thus providing the government with broad new powers of surveillance, especially regarding the internet. The Patriot Act raises a number of red flags for privacy advocates who argue that it challenges the civil liberties of ordinary Americans, and in particular, their right to privacy in on-line communications and activities. Yet, while American scholars and practitioners focus on the Patriot Act’s impact on U.S. citizens, very little attention has been paid to its influence on the privacy rights of individuals elsewhere in the world. Perhaps nowhere is the Patriot Act’s import more apparent than in the European Union (EU). The EU’s 1995 Data Privacy Directive is among the strictest privacy acts worldwide through its limits on the electronic data that can be collected and stored on European citizens. Due to the internet’s trans-sovereign nature, the EU Data Privacy Directive has an extra-territorial impact on American companies who traditionally gather data on customers for marketing and operational purposes. American airline companies with transatlantic routes, for example, were forced to alter their data collection practices -- or face stiff legal action -- as they infringed on the data privacy rights of European passengers. By the 1990s, a major row emerged between the United States and European Union over the EU’s Data Privacy Directive and its impact on American internet and e-commerce operations. A resolution was reached when the EU and the U.S. Department of Commerce agreed to the Safe Harbor Provisions for companies operating in the transatlantic marketplace. Since the passage of the Patriot Act, the EU Data Privacy Directive -- and thus, European citizens’ privacy rights -- have been pushed aside. Transatlantic intergovernmental cooperation in the war against terrorism has resulted in new surveillance measures on European citizens, and new data collection and sharing requirements placed on European companies. The situation is confusing because unlike the Patriot Act in the United States, there has been no formal change to the EU Data Privacy Directive since September 11th. Thus, private actors find themselves caught between the existing data privacy requirements and the new security demands. The proposed ISA paper will thus examine the influence of the Patriot Act on EU data privacy and the rights of European citizens. The paper will analyze why the European Union and its member states have altered, albeit unofficially, their strict privacy requirements; how the US government was and is able to influence this development; and why European companies and privacy advocates have had limited success in challenging the Patriot Act’s impact. In doing so, the paper addresses the conference theme ? Hegemony and its discontents ? by analyzing how September 11th alters the relationship of politics vs. economics, public vs. private governance, and security vs. privacy on an international scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
40. U.S. Companies Cling to Writing Paper Checks.
- Author
-
Monga, Vipal
- Subjects
- *
CHECKS , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Published
- 2014
41. Forced to Concede: Permanent Restructuring and Labour's Place in the North American Auto Industry.
- Author
-
Siemiatycki, Elliot
- Subjects
- *
AUTOMOBILE industry , *CORPORATE reorganizations , *DISMISSAL of employees , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
The stunning decline of Ford, General Motors and Chrysler over the past decade has rendered the once 'Big Three' US automakers a vulnerable 'Detroit Three'. In their attempts to return to profitability, the Detroit Three have undertaken a series of 'turnarounds' aimed at renewing their competitive edge. Through this corporate restructuring agenda, 250,000 assembly jobs in North America have been lost, upwards of 50 auto plants have been closed, wages and benefits for new hires have been cut substantially and once strong, independent auto unions have been thoroughly overwhelmed. Permanent restructuring, then, represents a crisis strategy on the part of the corporate elite to continually intensify the demands placed on labour in the hopes of creating new conditions for capital accumulation. Working within labour geography, this paper documents the 'regional race to the bottom' in the North American auto industry while reminding labour geographers that capitalist restructuring is a powerful constraint on labour agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. What drives merger decision making behavior? Don’t seek, don’t find, and don’t change your mind
- Author
-
Bogan, Vicki and Just, David
- Subjects
- *
MERGERS & acquisitions , *DECISION making , *EXECUTIVES , *STOCKHOLDERS , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *OPTIMISM , *INDUSTRIAL concentration - Abstract
Abstract: Despite the constant and frequent merger activity across various industries in the U.S. and throughout the world, limited evidence of the success of corporate mergers has been documented. The vast body of academic research demonstrates that most mergers add no value or reduce shareholder value for the acquiring firm. Given the failure of so many mergers, the question of why mergers continue to occur in large numbers remains. Overconfidence and optimism have come to the forefront as the most common behavioral explanations for the continued prevalence of ill-advised mergers. This paper investigates a different type of behavioral bias that also may influence merger and acquisition decisions—confirmation bias. Using a unique experimental data set, we provide evidence in support of the existence of confirmation bias in merger decision making behavior, particularly with respect to the behavior of actual corporate executives. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Measuring productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency changes of CPA firms prior to, and following the Sarbanes–Oxley Act
- Author
-
Chang, Hsihui, Choy, Hiu Lam, Cooper, William W., Parker, Barnett R., and Ruefli, Timothy W.
- Subjects
- *
AMERICAN business enterprises , *DATA envelopment analysis , *ACCOUNTING firms , *INDUSTRIAL productivity , *INDUSTRIAL efficiency , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *MANAGEMENT science ,UNITED States. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Abstract
Abstract: This paper investigates productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change for a group of the 56 largest CPA firms in the US from the period 1996–1999 through the period 2003–2006, where the former preceded, and the latter followed, enactment of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX). Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to calculate Malmquist indices of three measures of interest: productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change. Results indicate that CPA firms, on average, experienced a productivity growth of approx. 17% from the pre- to post-SOX period. Consistent with the finding of Banker et al. [Banker RD, Chang H, Natarajan R. Productivity change, technical progress and relative efficiency change in the public accounting industry. Management Science 2005;51:291–304], this productivity gain can be attributed primarily to technical progress rather than a change in relative efficiency. In addition, results indicate that the “Big 4” firms underperformed their non-Big 4 counterparts in both productivity growth and technical progress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Soft Power and State–Firm Diplomacy: Congress and IT Corporate Activity in China.
- Author
-
Miller, Jade
- Subjects
- *
INFORMATION technology , *SOCIAL responsibility of business , *BUSINESS & politics , *DIPLOMACY , *ECONOMIC policy , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
In today’s globalized political economy, diplomacy between nation-states (state–state diplomacy) now exists alongside state–firm diplomacy, the negotiations between multinational corporations (MNCs) and the countries in which they do business. While the state must be committed to the interests of its MNCs in the interest of domestic state–firm diplomacy (maintaining a supportive business environment), it still has recourse to address failures in corporate diplomacy and to maintain the appearance of dominance on the world stage. This paper examined these strategies through a critical analysis of prepared testimony at the February 2006 congressional hearing regarding the controversial actions of four U.S. IT MNCs (Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and Cisco) operating in China. I conclude that when the government is constrained from using its hard power on its MNCs, soft power becomes its most effective tool. Image, suggestion, and appearance—soft power—can be considered more important than legislation itself—hard power—and perhaps even the currency of current state–firm relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Urban politics and the production of capital mobility in the United States.
- Author
-
Pendras, Mark
- Subjects
- *
URBAN economics , *CAPITALISM , *METROPOLITAN government , *MUNICIPAL government , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
In the quest to explain changing urban political economic conditions over the past thirty years urban researchers have naturalized capital mobility, to the point where challenging the mobility of capital appears either impossible, undesirable, or both. In this paper I aim to denaturalize capital mobility and to repoliticize the relationship between capital and place through a critical legal geographic investigation of corporate mobility rights in the United States. The overall goal is to help urban researchers to think critically about the politics of capital mobility and to ensure that the legal principles enabling capital mobility remain open to challenge from alternative political perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Global and Regional Dispersion of Publishing in the Field of International Marketing.
- Author
-
Polonsky, Michael and Ringer, AllisonC.
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *SCHOOLS , *EXPORT marketing , *PERIODICALS , *MARKETING , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *MARKETING theory - Abstract
This paper empirically examines the research productivity of academic institutions in the leading international marketing journals, leading generalist marketing journals, and leading international business journals between the years 1999 and 2003 from a regional and country-specific perspective. The research found that across the three groups of journals, the majority of works were authored by academics at institutions located in North America, although North Americans contribute significantly less in the international marketing and international business journals than leading generalist marketing journals. The findings suggest that there is a broadening of non-U.S. influence within the international marketing and international business journals, which should lead to a broadening of international marketing theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Cultural filtering in the hiring process and its relationship to welfare reform
- Author
-
Axelsen, Dan, Underwood, Daniel A., and Friesner, Dan
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYEE selection , *DIVERSITY in the workplace , *PUBLIC welfare , *HUMAN capital , *JOB vacancies , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *INDUSTRIAL policy , *LABOR supply , *LABOR demand - Abstract
Abstract: In this paper, we perform an initial, exploratory analysis to determine whether firms use “cultural filters” as indirect and direct proxies for human capital when screening potential applicants for employment opportunities. Using data collected from three counties in Washington State, we find that these filters do, indeed, influence hiring decisions. As a result, it may be advantageous for policy makers to consider restructuring welfare policies to account for the effects of these cultural filters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Relación entre estructura de capital y retorno de acciones: evidencia de mercados latinoamericanos y EE.UU.
- Author
-
Hansen, Erwin and Torres, Juan Pablo
- Subjects
- *
FINANCIAL leverage , *FINANCIAL performance , *COMMERCIAL credit , *AMERICAN business enterprises , *STOCKS (Finance) - Abstract
This paper tests whether financial leverage fluctuates in a way which is consistent with the existence of a target leverage or, on the contrary, it freely fluctuates with the observed changes on stock returns. Using a sample of non-financial publicly-traded firms of 5 Latin-American countries and the US in the period 2000-2007, we find that firms allow their leverages fluctuate almost one to one with stock returns variations. This evidence does not mean at all that firms are not involve in corporate debt issuing activity but they do not care too much about hit a particular target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
49. Why do firms adopt CEO stock options? Evidence from the United States
- Author
-
Tzioumis, Konstantinos
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYEE stock options , *EXECUTIVE compensation , *CHIEF executive officers , *LABOR incentives , *INVESTMENTS , *INDUSTRIAL costs , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
Abstract: This paper examines the determinants of stock option introduction as a part of CEO compensation in listed US firms during the 1994–2004 period. The results are consistent with agency costs and recruiting considerations, suggesting that firms do not adjust CEO compensation in order to address the ‘investment horizon’ problem. The findings also suggest that CEO stock option adoption is not necessarily influenced by the same factors that have been found in the literature to affect the level of CEO stock option compensation and the adoption of broad-based stock option incentives. Overall, the findings provide evidence for several theoretical predictions, thus adding to our understanding of managerial incentives. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. How different? Comparing the use of design in service innovation in Nordic and American new technology-based firms
- Author
-
Candi, Marina and Saemundsson, Rognvaldur J.
- Subjects
- *
DESIGN , *HIGH technology industries , *CUSTOMER services , *AMERICAN business enterprises - Abstract
This paper explores differences in the use of design in service innovation in Nordic and American new technology-based firms and is based on a systematic qualitative comparison of case data collected on eight service innovation projects in each of the locations. Differences were expected due to these two locations'' disparity in terms of agglomeration of technology-based firms and access to design resources. The results of the comparison indicate that there are more similarities than there are differences in how design is used in service innovation in these two locations. Possible explanations are explored and implications suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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