16,082 results
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2. Can We Read Neural Networks? Epistemic Implications of Two Historical Computer Science Papers.
- Author
-
Offert, Fabian
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER science research , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *LANGUAGE models , *COMPUTER programming - Abstract
The article discusses two computer science research papers concerning artificial intelligence (AI). Topics explored include the susceptibility of deep convolutional neural networks to input pertubations acknowledged in the 2013 study "Intriguing Properties of Neural Networks," by Christian Szegedy and colleagues, and the capability of sequence-to-sequence language models to execute short computer programs reported in the 2014 study "Learning to Execute," by Wojciech Zaremba and Ilya Sutskever.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Remarks on Frank L. Juszli's Paper
- Author
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FUSFELD, H. I.
- Published
- 1965
4. The State of Play of Reproducibility in Statistics: An Empirical Analysis.
- Author
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Xiong, Xin and Cribben, Ivor
- Subjects
FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,SCIENTIFIC method ,COMPUTER programming ,REPRODUCIBLE research ,STATISTICS - Abstract
Reproducibility, the ability to reproduce the results of published papers or studies using their computer code and data, is a cornerstone of reliable scientific methodology. Studies where results cannot be reproduced by the scientific community should be treated with caution. Over the past decade, the importance of reproducible research has been frequently stressed in a wide range of scientific journals such as Nature and Science and international magazines such as The Economist. However, multiple studies have demonstrated that scientific results are often not reproducible across research areas such as psychology and medicine. Statistics, the science concerned with developing and studying methods for collecting, analyzing, interpreting and presenting empirical data, prides itself on its openness when it comes to sharing both computer code and data. In this article, we examine reproducibility in the field of statistics by attempting to reproduce the results in 93 published papers in prominent journals using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during the 2010–2021 period. Overall, from both the computer code and the data perspective, among all the 93 examined papers, we could only reproduce the results in 14 (15.1%) papers, that is, the papers provide both executable computer code (or software) with the real fMRI data, and our results matched the results in the paper. Finally, we conclude with some author-specific and journal-specific recommendations to improve the research reproducibility in statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Technical Notes and Short Papers
- Author
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Belford, G., Laslett, L. Jackson, Snyder, J. N., Cook, J. M., Good, I. J., Healy, M. J. R., Hitchcock, A. J. M., Mendelsohn, N. S., Meyer, H. I., Hollingsworth, B. J., Miller, J. C. P., Southard, Thomas H., and Wagner, Harvey M.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Technical Notes and Short Papers
- Author
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Archibald, R. C., Jacchia, Luigi, Ostrowski, A. M., Hammer, Preston C., and Lipton, S.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Editor's message: about Artificial Intelligence as a tool for writing papers.
- Author
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Aguilar-Garib, Juan Antonio
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,COMPUTER programming - Abstract
The existence of AI application examples is by itself an admirable achievement of engineers and professionals working on them, and certainly there is an interest to move forward to design AI algorithms to make it write proficiently with originality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a trendy topic through advertisements, notes and even warnings about it, claiming that it can be used to answer almost any kind of question. Generating new content requires that AI conduct research work starting from, in principle, human proposed hypothesis, and then getting analyzable results to formulate conclusions. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Comments on a Paper on "Allocation of Stocks to Warehouses"
- Author
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White, D. J.
- Published
- 1962
9. How do college students use digital flashcards during self-regulated learning?
- Author
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Zung, Inez, Imundo, Megan N., and Pan, Steven C.
- Subjects
- *
COLLEGE students , *ELECTRONIC paper , *MOBILE apps , *COMPUTER programming , *DIGITAL learning - Abstract
Over the past two decades, digital flashcards – that is, computer programmes, smartphone apps, and online services that mimic, and potentially improve upon, the capabilities of traditional paper flashcards – have grown in variety and popularity. Many digital flashcard platforms allow learners to make or use flashcards from a variety of sources and customise the way in which flashcards are used. Yet relatively little is known about why and how students actually use digital flashcards during self-regulated learning, and whether such uses are supported by research from the science of learning. To address these questions, we conducted a large survey of undergraduate students (n = 901) at a major U.S. university. The survey revealed insights into the popularity, acquisition, and usage of digital flashcards, beliefs about how digital flashcards are to be used during self-regulated learning, and differences in uses of paper versus digital flashcards, all of which have implications for the optimisation of student learning. Overall, our results suggest that college students commonly use digital flashcards in a manner that only partially reflects evidence-based learning principles, and as such, the pedagogical potential of digital flashcards remains to be fully realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Two Experiments in Automated Indexing: The Presidential Papers and the Papers of the Continental Congress
- Author
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Torchia, Marion M.
- Published
- 1976
11. An Interface, Allowing a Commercial Paper-Tape Reader to be used in the Continuous Programming of Growth-Room Temperatures
- Author
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SUTTON, F. and RORISON, I. H.
- Published
- 1980
12. 现代卫生纸机卷取控制研究.
- Author
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叶凤英 and 胡慕伊
- Subjects
PAPERMAKING machinery ,TISSUE paper ,AUTOMATION ,COMPUTER programming ,COMPUTER software - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A natural language programming solution for executable papers.
- Author
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Veres, Sandor M and Adolfsson, J. Patrik
- Subjects
COMPUTER software execution ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTER programming ,SCHOLARLY electronic publishing ,SOURCE code ,INTERNET publishing ,ALGORITHMS ,SCIENCE publishing - Abstract
Abstract: The paper describes a system for executable papers for publishers enabling them to reuse content and to generate further advances of science and engineering. The executable algorithmic descriptions within a paper are presented in natural language sentences and basic code, thereby making long term compatibility absolute. Authors are required to use publicly numerical libraries on the Internet or references to publications with executable papers. As used by authors the system automatically creates a web of algorithmic knowledge on the Internet. Novelty of new algorithms in publications can be evaluated by automated tools available to authors, reviewers and readers of scientific papers published. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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14. Adessowiki - Collaborative platform for writing executable papers.
- Author
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Machado, Rubens C., Rittner, Leticia, and Lotufo, Roberto A.
- Subjects
COMPUTER software execution ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTER programming ,SCHOLARLY electronic publishing ,COMPILERS (Computer programs) ,PROGRAMMING software ,WEB 2.0 ,WIKIS - Abstract
Abstract: Adessowiki is a collaborative platform for scientific programming and document writing. It is a wiki environment that carries simultaneously documentation, programming code and results of its execution without any software con- figuration such as compilers, libraries and special tools at the client side. This combination of a collaborative wiki environment, central server and execution of code at rendering time enables the use of Adessowiki as an executable paper platform, since it fulfills the need to disseminate, validate, and archive research data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Ejercicios por computador vs. Ejercicios en papel: un estudio comparativo.
- Author
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Trejos Buriticá, Omar Iván
- Abstract
This article presents the results of a research in the classroom in the subject Programming I, initial course of computer programming in Systems Engineering and Computing. The research pretend to approach the impact of two methodologies of problem solving based on programming logic and the use of programming languages for its implementation. We use a qualitative perspective, as far as the students' performance as programmers, and quantitative, in what corresponds to the qualification of the written evaluations. It has been used to structure two parallel courses, using different methodologies for solving programming problems. With the first group, a methodology was implemented based on the conceptual resolution of these problems using solutions on paper and with the other one we use resolution of problems based on the intensive use of the computer. The results show a very interesting trend that allows us to make some important inferences regarding the promotion of logic and the approach of solutions in the paper against the use of the computer and the deepening in the purely technological knowledge. Conclusions leave open doors of the discussion about the different and possible ways that the students of programming to appropriate, assimilate and apply the own knowledge of this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. TESTING COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SKILLS --- PAPER AND PENCIL VERSUS A COMPUTER AND COMPILER.
- Author
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Gomm, Stacie, Waters, Sandie Halley, and Feng, Jul
- Subjects
COMPUTER programming ,JAVA programming language ,COMPILERS (Computer programs) ,SURVEYS ,STUDENTS ,COMPUTERS - Abstract
Having students write programs is the best method to test students programming ability. Most of the time these tests are administered via paper and pencil whereas the homework is completed using a computer and compiler. So why not use a computer and compiler to administer programming tests? This article describes an experiment done in a Java Programming class where both methods of testing were compared. There was no significant difference in students' scores between the two types of testing, but there was a significant difference in the time it took students to complete the test. It took than much longer to complete the test using a computer and compiler. Students were surveyed and they unanimously preferred the computer and compiler method of testing even though it took them longer to complete the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Text Mining Analyses of Programming Education Articles Since the 1970s.
- Author
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Takahisa Furuta and Knezek, Gerald
- Subjects
TEXT mining ,COMPUTER programming ,EDUCATIONAL literature ,HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) ,INVERSE document frequency - Abstract
In order to assess the extent to which text-mining techniques can be used to gain insights into a particular topic area, we apply hierarchical word clustering and the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) measure to articles on computer programming published since the 1970s, when research articles on teaching programming are now more readily available in PDF files. Study 1 compares two sets of papers published before and after the introduction of the concept of Computational Thinking in 2006 to highlight the changes seen in these research sets. Articles mentioned in frequently cited review papers were selected as the target articles to ensure the quality of the sample. Study 2 extends the sample pool to include a range of papers published after the 1970s, allowing us to examine the stability of the conceptual structures identified in Study 1. In both studies, the obtained word clusters or concepts align with known research trends in the programming-education literature. The significance and potential of text-mining techniques are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. PROGRAMMING COMPLEX PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC EXPERIMENTS WITH PUNCHED PAPER TAPE: A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH.
- Author
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Brown, Clinton C. and Krausman, David
- Subjects
- *
ADHESIVE tape , *COMPUTER input-output equipment , *COMPUTER programming , *PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY , *METHODOLOGY , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *SIGNAL detection (Psychology) - Abstract
Punched paper tape readers, frequently used for machine control and computer input, are readily adaptable for the purposes of presenting extremely complex signal sequences such as those used in psychophysiology. A description of basic operating principles is given together with an explanation of the minor modifications necessary to adapt this instrument to signal control. Complete schematics are presented of an instrument with seven channel control capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Cognitive Load Theory in the Context of Teaching and Learning Computer Programming: A Systematic Literature Review.
- Author
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Berssanette, Joao Henrique and de Francisco, Antonio Carlos
- Subjects
COGNITIVE load ,COMPUTER programming ,SHORT-term memory ,EDUCATION research ,COGNITIVE computing ,NURSING informatics - Abstract
Contribution: This article features a systematic literature review with the objective of presenting a study that reflects the current scenario of research on the cognitive load theory (CLT) in the domain of teaching and learning computer programming. Background: Computer programming is a highly cognitive skill, requiring mastering multiple competencies, and recognized as being difficult to learn, for this reason, the cognitive load (CL) in the learner’s working memory emerged as an influential concept, making CLT one of the most common theories in computing education research. Research Questions: What are the approaches that relate CLT to teaching and learning computer programming? What CLT-related concepts are covered? What evidence is reported with respect to this context? Methodology: Following a formal protocol, a survey was performed for papers linking CLT to teaching and learning programming published between 2010 and 2020. The selection of papers was based on a set of criteria established to drive the selection process, including alignment with the research questions and paper quality assessment. Findings: The approaches applied in the papers are based on measuring the CL; through instructional design based on the development or use of resources or tools, a range of different pedagogy strategies and the CLT concepts. With respect to the concepts, the subjective measurement technique and worked example effect are the most commonly deployed. As far as the evidence reported, the better part is related to the worked example effect and measuring CLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A Classification of Recent Australasian Computing Education Publications.
- Subjects
PUBLICATIONS ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,COMPUTER science ,EDUCATION research ,COMPUTER programming ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTER programmers - Abstract
A new classification system for computing education papers is presented and applied to every computing education paper published between January 2004 and January 2007 at the two premier computing education conferences in Australia and New Zealand. We find that while simple reports outnumber other types of paper, a healthy proportion of papers address and answer a research question. We find that more papers deal with programming courses than with other courses, and that more than half of all publications are situated in single subjects. To the extent that differing circumstances permit, we compare our results with those of an earlier study of the SIGCSE conference, and find that the Australasian publications include fewer simple reports and more papers describing analysis and experiment. We note a reasonable number of publications on multi-institutional work, which we interpret as evidence of a sense of computing education community within Australia and New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Computational Idealizations in Software Intensive Science: a Comment on Symons' and Horner's paper.
- Author
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Angius, Nicola
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER programming , *COMPUTER software , *COMPUTER programmers - Abstract
This commentary on John Symons' and Jack Horner's paper, besides sharing its main argument, challenges the authors' statement that there is no effective method to evaluate software-intensive systems as a distinguishing feature of software intensive science. It is underlined here how analogous methodological limitations characterise the evaluations of empirical systems in non-software intensive sciences. The authors' claim that formal methods establish the correctness of computational models rather than of the represented programme is here compared with the empirical adequacy problem typifying the model-based reasoning approach in physics, and the remark that testing all the paths of a software-intensive system is unfeasible is related to the enumerative induction problem in the justification of empirical law-like hypotheses in non-software intensive sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Guest Editorial: March 2023.
- Author
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Harris Jr, Frederick C., Rui Wu, Redei, Alex, and Bandi, Ajay
- Subjects
APPLICATION software ,COMPUTER programming - Published
- 2023
23. State-Optimal Alternator for Uniform Synchronous Rings1Some of the results in this paper were published at the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, pp. 847–852, 2005.
- Author
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Tzong-Jye Liu
- Subjects
- *
CONCURRENT Aggregates (Computer program language) , *PROGRAMMING languages , *COMPUTER systems , *HYBRID computer simulation , *COMPUTER simulation , *DIGITAL-to-analog converters , *COMPUTER programming , *SELF-stabilization (Computer science) - Abstract
An alternator is a network of concurrent nodes, which satisfies the following conditions: (i) if one node enters its critical section, no neighboring nodes could enter their critical sections at the same computing phase; (ii) along any infinite computing phases, each node enters its critical section infinitely often. An alternator is said to exhibit strong fairness if condition (ii) is changed to: between any two consecutive critical steps of a node, all neighbors enter their critical sections exactly once. In this paper, we propose a state-optimal alternator algorithm for uniform rings with n nodes, where n is any positive integer greater than one. The proposed algorithm operates correctly for synchronous mode. Every node maintains only a two-state variable. The proposed algorithm has the snap property that the system always satisfies condition (i) of the alternator even if some transient fault occurs. The stabilization time of the proposed alternator algorithm is O(n) phases. After stabilization, the system satisfies the strong fairness property and achieves the maximal performance. We say that an alternator achieves the maximal performance if a node is allowed to enter its critical section when both its neighbors do not enter their critical sections. In the worst case, the proposed algorithm allows each node to enter its critical section every three phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The sorting techniques: a tutorial paper on card sorts, picture sorts and item sorts.
- Author
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Rugg, Gordon and McGeorge, Peter
- Subjects
- *
SORTING (Electronic computers) , *ELECTRONIC data processing , *COMPUTER programming , *INTELLIGENT tutoring systems , *PERSONAL construct theory - Abstract
Although sorting techniques (e.g. card sorts) are widely used in knowledge acquisition and requirements acquisition, they have received little formal attention compared to related techniques such as repertory grids and laddering. This paper briefly describes the main sorting techniques, and then provides a detailed tutorial on one variety (repeated single-criterion sorts), using a worked example. Guidelines for choice and sequencing of techniques are given, both in relation to varieties of sorting technique and in relation to other techniques. It is concluded that the sorting techniques are a valuable part of the elicitor's methodological toolkit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Adventures in Cryptology: Exploration-Worthy Project Topics.
- Author
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Beaver, C.
- Subjects
COMPUTER programming ,CRYPTOGRAPHY ,UNDERGRADUATES ,PROBLEM solving ,ADVENTURE & adventurers ,STUDENT research - Abstract
In this paper, several research topics are presented that provide productive avenues of exploration for students in an undergraduate cryptography course. The topics are intended for a variety of skill levels and interests. In some cases, a student might be inspired to try to solve the proposed problem or write computer code. Other topics might motivate them to learn new mathematics or algorithms, or research a historical event or person. In all cases, a short description of the topic is given along with several references that can be used as a starting point for student research. The author also describes some challenges and recommendations when teaching a course where a project is a main component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. What are (payment) intermediaries good for?
- Author
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Milkau, Udo
- Subjects
BLOCKCHAINS ,COMPUTER programming ,TRANSACTION costs ,PAYMENT ,TRANSACTION cost theory of the firm - Abstract
This paper examines the question of whether computer code could actually substitute for intermediaries, as proponents of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and decentralised finance would argue. Drawing on transaction-cost economics, the paper reviews the role of intermediaries as efficient platforms for the exchange of information, goods and payments. The generic advantage of centralised coordination is compared with the narrative that DLT and decentralised finance could substitute for intermediaries due to their efficiency advantages and the promise of lower costs. The positivist question 'cui bono?' can be applied as a litmus test of these normative narratives in comparison with existing systems. As proposed concepts 'without' intermediaries introduce other intermediaries by the backdoor and no system runs without transaction costs of some sort, the paper concludes that intermediaries cannot be simply replaced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A Distributed Approach to LARS Stream Reasoning (System paper).
- Author
-
EITER, THOMAS, OGRIS, PAUL, and SCHEKOTIHIN, KONSTANTIN
- Subjects
COMPUTER programming ,STATISTICAL decision making ,SEMANTICS - Abstract
Stream reasoning systems are designed for complex decision-making from possibly infinite, dynamic streams of data. Modern approaches to stream reasoning are usually performing their computations using stand-alone solvers, which incrementally update their internal state and return results as the new portions of data streams are pushed. However, the performance of such approaches degrades quickly as the rates of the input data and the complexity of decision problems are growing. This problem was already recognized in the area of stream processing, where systems became distributed in order to allocate vast computing resources provided by clouds. In this paper we propose a distributed approach to stream reasoning that can efficiently split computations among different solvers communicating their results over data streams. Moreover, in order to increase the throughput of the distributed system, we suggest an interval-based semantics for the LARS language, which enables significant reductions of network traffic. Performed evaluations indicate that the distributed stream reasoning significantly outperforms existing stand-alone LARS solvers when the complexity of decision problems and the rate of incoming data are increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Adaptive bridge model for compressed domain point cloud classification.
- Author
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Seleem, Abdelrahman, Guarda, André F. R., Rodrigues, Nuno M. M., and Pereira, Fernando
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,POINT cloud ,COMPUTER vision ,PERSONAL computer performance ,COMPUTER programming ,CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
The recent adoption of deep learning-based models for the processing and coding of multimedia signals has brought noticeable gains in performance, which have established deep learning-based solutions as the uncontested state-of-the-art both for computer vision tasks, targeting machine consumption, as well as, more recently, coding applications, targeting human visualization. Traditionally, applications requiring both coding and computer vision processing require first decoding the bitstream and then applying the computer vision methods to the decompressed multimedia signals. However, the adoption of deep learning-based solutions enables the use of compressed domain computer vision processing, with gains in performance and computational complexity over the decompressed domain approach. For point clouds (PCs), these gains have been demonstrated in the single available compressed domain computer vision processing solution, named Compressed Domain PC Classifier, which processes JPEG Pleno PC coding (PCC) compressed streams using a PC classifier largely compatible with the state-of-the-art spatial domain PointGrid classifier. However, the available Compressed Domain PC Classifier presents strong limitations by imposing a single, specific input size which is associated to specific JPEG Pleno PCC configurations; this limits the compression performance as these configurations are not ideal for all PCs due to their different characteristics, notably density. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes the first Adaptive Compressed Domain PC Classifier solution which includes a novel adaptive bridge model that allows to process the JPEG Pleno PCC encoded bit streams using different coding configurations, now maximizing the compression efficiency. Experimental results show that the novel Adaptive Compressed Domain PC Classifier allows JPEG PCC to achieve better compression performance by not imposing a single, specific coding configuration for all PCs, regardless of its different characteristics. Moreover, the added adaptability power can achieve slightly better PC classification performance than the previous Compressed Domain PC Classifier and largely better PC classification performance (and lower number of weights) than the PointGrid PC classifier working in the decompressed domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Enhancing Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Decision Making through Intelligent Task Planning and Behavior Tree Optimization.
- Author
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Yu, Dan, Wang, Hongjian, Cao, Xu, Wang, Zhao, Ren, Jingfei, and Zhang, Kai
- Subjects
AUTONOMOUS underwater vehicles ,DECISION making ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,SEARCH algorithms ,SUBMERSIBLES ,COMPUTER programming - Abstract
The expansion of underwater scenarios and missions highlights the crucial need for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to make informed decisions. Therefore, developing an efficient decision-making framework is vital to enhance productivity in executing complex tasks within tight time constraints. This paper delves into task planning and reconstruction within the AUV control decision system to enable intelligent completion of intricate underwater tasks. Behavior trees (BTs) offer a structured approach to organizing the switching structure of a hybrid dynamical system (HDS), originally introduced in the computer game programming community. In this research, an intelligent search algorithm, MCTS-QPSO (Monte Carlo tree search and quantum particle swarm optimization), is proposed to bolster the AUV's capacity in planning complex task decision control systems. This algorithm tackles the issue of the time-consuming manual design of control systems by effectively integrating BTs. By assessing a predefined set of subtasks and actions in tandem with the complex task scenario, a reward function is formulated for MCTS to pinpoint the optimal subtree set. The QPSO algorithm is then leveraged for subtree integration, treating it as an optimal path search problem from the root node to the leaf node. This process optimizes the search subtree, thereby enhancing the robustness and security of the control architecture. To expedite search speed and algorithm convergence, this paper recommends reducing the search space by pre-grouping conditions and states within the behavior tree. The efficacy and superiority of the proposed algorithm are validated through security and timeliness evaluations of the BT, along with comparisons with other algorithms for automatic AUV decision control behavior tree design. Ultimately, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are corroborated through simulations on a multi-AUV complex task platform, showcasing its practical applicability and efficiency in real-world underwater scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Using a Hand-Held Computer to Collect Data in an Orthopedic Outpatient Clinic: A Randomized Trial of Two Survey Methods
- Author
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McBride, Jeffrey S., Anderson, Roger T., and Bahnson, Judy L.
- Published
- 1999
31. Concurrency, Specification, and Programming: Special Issue of Selected Papers of CS&P 2015.
- Author
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Czaja, Ludwik, Penczek, Wojciech, and Stencel, Krzysztof
- Subjects
- *
CONCURRENT Aggregates (Computer program language) , *COMPUTER programming , *PROGRAMMING languages , *HEURISTIC , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Position Paper: Thoughts on Programming with Proof Assistants.
- Author
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Chlipala, Adam
- Subjects
PROOFREADING ,COMPUTER programmers ,CONSTRUCTIVE mathematics ,MATHEMATICAL logic ,CURRY-Howard isomorphism ,ISOMORPHISM (Mathematics) ,COMPUTER programming - Abstract
Abstract: Today the reigning opinion about computer proof assistants based on constructive logic (even from some of the developers of these tools!) is that, while they are very helpful for doing math, they are an absurdly heavy-weight solution to use for practical programming. Yet the Curry-Howard isomorphism foundation of proof assistants like Coq [Yves Bertot and Pierre Castéran. Interactive Theorem Proving and Program Development. Coq''Art: The Calculus of Inductive Constructions. Texts in Theoretical Computer Science. Springer Verlag, 2004] gives them clear interpretations as programming environments. My purpose in this position paper is to make the general claim that Coq is already quite useful today for non-trivial certified programming tasks, as well as to highlight some reasons why you might want to consider using it as a base for your next project in dependently-typed programming. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Algorithmic Logic + SpecVer = the Methodology for High Integrity Programming - Invited Paper.
- Author
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Mirkowska, Grażzyna, Salwicki, Andrzej, and Świda, Oskar
- Subjects
- *
ALGORITHMS , *ALGEBRA , *COMPUTER programming , *COMPUTER software , *COMPUTER systems - Abstract
Our aim is to present a methodology that integrates all phases of software¡s production beginning from the specification phase, through the phase of programming and finally the phase of verification of program against its specification. The theoretical background of the methodology is algorithmic logic [8]. The environment for practical activities of this software project is a plugin SpecVer [11] extending the Eclipse development platform [2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
34. Why Aspect-Oriented Software Development And Model-Driven Development Are Not The Same – A Position Paper –.
- Author
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Stein, Dominik and Hanenberg, Stefan
- Subjects
ASPECT-oriented programming ,COMPUTER programming ,COMPUTER software development ,SOFTWARE architecture ,COMPUTER systems ,COMPUTER architecture - Abstract
Abstract: Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) and Model-Driven Development (MDD) are often said to be alike since both approaches are based on the selection of elements (i.e. join points in AOSD and model elements in MDD) and their subsequent adaptation (i.e. weaving in AOSD and transformation in MDD). But does this mean that AOSD and MDD are in fact two words for pretty much the same thing? In this position paper, we argue that there are essential differences between the aspect-oriented and the model-driven approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Author's Guide for Preparing a Paper for the Journal of Computer Science & Technology.
- Subjects
AUTHORS ,COMPUTER science research ,PROCEDURE manuals ,RESEARCH in information science ,COMPUTER programming ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
The article provides guidelines in preparing a paper for the "Journal of Computer Science and Technology." It suggests that authors provide an abstract that summarizes the content of the paper in 200 words and the entry should be printed by photo-offset from the same-sized with the original copy. It recommends authors to provide important information about topic of the study, keywords, and manuscripts. Moreover, it advises to include the study's headings, formulae as well as footnotes.
- Published
- 2009
36. Artificial pastoral systems: a review of agent-based modelling studies of pastoral systems.
- Author
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Moritz, Mark, Cross, Benjamin, and Hunter, Chelsea E.
- Subjects
PASTORAL systems ,RANGELANDS ,RESEARCH personnel ,CONCEPTUAL models ,COMPUTER programming ,RESOURCE management - Abstract
Agent-based modelling allows researchers to build artificial pastoral systems that are spatially explicit and allow for the examination of complex interactions between households, herds, and rangelands over long time periods. However, agent-based modelling also necessarily reduces the complexity of the pastoral systems. The question that we examine in this paper is how researchers model pastoral systems and what artificial pastoral systems they create. To answer that question, we systematically reviewed 35 agent-based modelling studies of pastoral systems. We examined how the studies describe the focal pastoral system, how the focal system is represented in a conceptual model, implemented in computer code, and how it emerges as an artificial pastoral system from the simulations. Our review indicates that most models are built by interdisciplinary teams, integrated into empirical studies of pastoral systems, and use a specific pastoral system as its focal system. The research problems explored in the models range from resource management, wealth dynamics, herd demography, sustainability, adaptation, mobility, and conflict. The artificial pastoral systems that emerge from these agent-based modelling studies mostly confirm current theoretical understandings that are based on empirical studies of pastoral systems. There are a few emergent patterns that have not been validated extensively in empirical studies. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of using agent-based models to create artificial pastoral systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Guest Editorial Special Issue "Recent Trends on Advanced Computing: The Converging Technologies".
- Author
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Tchernykh, Andrei, Juárez Ramírez, Reyes, Mocskos, Esteban, and Nesmachnow, Sergio
- Subjects
HIGH performance computing ,COMPUTER vision ,COMPUTER software ,COMPUTER science ,COMPUTER programming ,SOFTWARE engineering ,SOFTWARE measurement - Abstract
This document is a guest editorial for a special issue of the journal "Programming & Computer Software" titled "Recent Trends on Advanced Computing: The Converging Technologies." The issue features research and practical implementation results from researchers and industry experts in computer science, engineering, and technology. The papers cover a range of topics including microservices, software quality, user engagement on social media, non-functional requirements, medical software architecture, fallacies in political speeches, intelligent learning environments, and more. The guest editors for this special issue are Prof. Dr. Andrei Tchernykh, Prof. Reyes Juárez Ramírez, Dr. Esteban Mocskos, and Prof. Sergio Nesmachnow. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Motivation for Writing the Paper: Designing Quick & Dirty Applications for Mobiles: Making the Case for the Utility of HCI Principles.
- Author
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Baillie, Lynne
- Subjects
HUMAN-computer interaction ,MOBILE communication systems ,COMPUTER programming ,APPLICATION software ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
This paper discusses the author's interest in proving that it matters whether someone builds a new application using HCI principles. This is an important issue to discuss because many HCI professionals and researchers think that the conclusion is obvious i.e. that of course it matters and that we should build an application with an end user in mind and then test it with a subset of said users. However, most application developers disagree and actually build their applications using a 'field of dreams approach' i.e. if I build it. they will come. This issue/disagreement has become especially important to discuss given the advent of mobile applications for the i.phone and other quickly programmed applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Key protein-design papers challenged: chemists question stability of proteins from 2003 Nature study
- Author
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Hayden, Erika Check
- Subjects
Computer programming -- Methods -- Usage ,Protein research -- Methods -- Usage ,Chemical bonds -- Observations -- Methods -- Usage ,Algorithms -- Usage -- Methods ,Computer programming ,Algorithm ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Two papers published by protein engineer Homme Hellinga's lab at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, have been challenged. Last year, Hellinga retracted papers in Science (1) and [...]
- Published
- 2009
40. Introductory paper: scalability aspects of validation.
- Author
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Margaria, Tiziana and Yi, Wang
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCES & conventions , *ALGORITHMS , *SYSTEMS design , *ELECTRONIC systems , *COMPUTER software , *COMPUTER programming - Abstract
This special section is devoted to a selection of papers that appeared originally in the Proceedings of TACAS 2001, the 7th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems [1] which took place in Genova, Italy in April 2001 as a constituent event of the European joint conferences on theory and Practice of Software. All papers present approaches, tools and algorithms that aim at extending the scope of formal techniques (coverage of systems specifications, data structures, size, and their trade-offs) for validation, verification, and testing of software systems. They are by no means a complete account of the numerous ways in which real software and software systems may become subject to rigorous investigation, but they provide an interesting sampling of novel approaches towards scalability of formal methods-based validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. COMPARISON OF EXAMINATION METHODS BASED ON MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS USING PERSONAL COMPUTERS AND PAPER-BASED TESTING.
- Author
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Čisar, Sanja Maravić, Pinter, Robert, Radosav, Dragica, and Čisar, Petar
- Subjects
COMPUTER assisted instruction ,PROGRAMMING languages ,COMPUTER programming ,EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements ,EDUCATIONAL evaluation - Abstract
Computer-based testing, by facilitating the interaction between teaching and learning, can improve the quality of learning through improved formative feedback which is a key aspect of formative assessment. This study makes a contribution to the research on computer-based testing by examining the mode differences between the paper-and-pencil test and computer-based test. The previously conducted researches in this area dealt with the students of primary and secondary schools. In those researches the points of observation were the students' successes in mathematics, English and social sciences; no research was done in field of programming languages such as C++ with post-secondary students. The main aim of this study was to find out whether there are differences in the achieved results in two ways of testing: computer-based testing and paper-and-pencil test. Also, the intention was to detect those characteristics of computer based test, which may have a negative effect on students' achievements. The participants were a representative sample of the population of all engineering students studying computer science at Subotica Tech. The findings of this study led the authors to reach the conclusion that there are no significant differences in scored results for the paper-and-pencil testing and the computer-based testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Unified citation parameters for journals and individuals: Beyond the journal impact factor or the h-index alone.
- Author
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Popli, Pankaj and Shenoy, Subodh R
- Subjects
COMPUTER programming - Abstract
We seek a unified and distinctive citation description of both journals and individuals. The journal impact factor has a restrictive definition that constrains its extension to individuals, whereas the h-index for individuals can easily be applied to journals. Going beyond any single parameter, the shape of each negative slope Hirsch curve of citations vs. rank index is distinctive. This shape can be described through five minimal parameters or 'flags': the h-index itself on the curve; the average citation of each segment on either side of h; and the two axis endpoints. We obtain the five flags from real data for two journals and 10 individual faculty, showing they provide unique citation fingerprints, enabling detailed comparative assessments. A computer code is provided to calculate five flags as the output, from citation data as the input. Since papers (citations) can form nodes (links) of a network, Hirsch curves and five flags could carry over to describe local degree sequences of general networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The effects of video game making within science content on student computational thinking skills and performance
- Author
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Garneli, Varvara and Chorianopoulos, Konstantinos
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Preface for the special issue on tool papers of the 21st International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages, COORDINATION 2019.
- Author
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Inverso, Omar and Vieira, Hugo Torres
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCES & conventions , *COMPUTER programming - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Systematic literature review: teaching novices programming using robots.
- Author
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Major, L., Kyriacou, T., and Brereton, O.P.
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,TEACHING ,COMPUTER programming ,ROBOTS ,DATABASES ,SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
Teaching programming to novices is a difficult task due to the complex nature of the subject, the negative stereotypes are associated with programming and because introductory programming courses often fail to encourage student understanding. This study investigates the effectiveness of using robots as tools in the teaching of introductory programming and to determine whether such technology can help to overcome the current barriers for learners in this context. The systematic literature review (SLR) methodology is used to address this aim. Nine electronic databases, the proceedings from six conferences and two journals were searched for relevant literature and exclusion criteria, and after performing several validation exercises, in total, 75% of included papers report that robots are an effective teaching tool and can help novice programmers in their studies. Most of these papers focus on the use of physical robots, however, and further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of using simulated robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. TOOL PAPER: ScalaBison Recursive Ascent-Descent Parser Generator.
- Author
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Boyland, John and Spiewak, Daniel
- Subjects
RECURSION theory ,PARSING (Computer grammar) ,GENERATORS (Computer programs) ,COMPUTER science ,COMPUTER programming - Abstract
Abstract: ScalaBison is a parser generator accepting bison syntax and generating a parser in Scala. The generated parser uses the idea of “recursive ascent-descent parsing,” that is, directly encoded generalized left-corner parsing. Of interest is that fact that the parser is generated from the LALR(1) tables created by bison, thus enabling extensions such as precedence to be handled implicitly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. How is Computational Thinking Assessed in European K-12 Education? A Systematic Review.
- Author
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BABAZADEH, Masiar and NEGRINI, Lucio
- Subjects
SCHOOLS ,SCHOOL districts ,COMPUTER programming ,STUDENTS - Abstract
Computational thinking (CT) is seen as a key competence of the 21st century and different countries have started to integrate it into their compulsory school curricula. However, few indications exist on how to assess CT in compulsory school. This review analyses what tools are used to assess CT in European schools and which dimensions are assessed. We analysed 26 studies carried out in K-12 between 2016 and 2020 in Europe. The results indicate that 18 different tools have been used and they can be categorized into five groups: questionnaires, tests/tasks, observations, interviews and analysis of products. From the tools we analysed, more than 50 dimensions were assessed and the vast majority of those were closer to programming skills rather than CT per se. Based on these results it seems that a common operational definition of CT, a competence model that indicates which competences students should reach at which age, and a tool that allows all different facets of CT to be assessed are currently missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Cheaters or AI-Enhanced Learners: Consequences of ChatGPT for Programming Education.
- Author
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Humble, Niklas, Boustedt, Jonas, Holmgren, Hanna, Milutinovic, Goran, Seipel, Stefan, and Östberg, Ann-Sofie
- Subjects
CHATGPT ,COMPUTER programming ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,COMPUTER programming education ,TURING test - Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related technologies have a long history of being used in education for motivating learners and enhancing learning. However, there have also been critiques for a too uncritical and naïve implementation of AI in education (AIED) and the potential misuse of the technology. With the release of the virtual assistant ChatGPT from OpenAI, many educators and stakeholders were both amazed and horrified by the potential consequences for education. One field with a potential high impact of ChatGPT is programming education in Computer Science (CS), where creating assessments has long been a challenging task due to the vast amount of programming solutions and support on the Internet. This now appears to have been made even more challenging with ChatGPT's ability to produce both complex and seemingly novel solutions to programming questions. With the support of data collected from interactions with ChatGPT during the spring semester of 2023, this position paper investigates the potential opportunities and threats of ChatGPT for programming education, guided by the question: What could the potential consequences of ChatGPT be for programming education? This paper applies a methodological approach inspired by analytic autoethnography to investigate, experiment, and understand a novel technology through personal experiences. Through this approach, the authors have documented their interactions with ChatGPT in field diaries during the spring semester of 2023. Topics for the questions have related to content and assessment in higher education programming courses. A total of 6 field diaries, with 82 interactions (1 interaction = 1 question + 1 answer) and additional reflection notes, have been collected and analysed with thematic analysis. The study finds that there are several opportunities and threats of ChatGPT for programming education. Some are to be expected, such as that the quality of the question and the details provided highly impact the quality of the answer. However, other findings were unexpected, such as that ChatGPT appears to be "lying" in some answers and to an extent passes the Turing test, although the intelligence of ChatGPT should be questioned. The conclusion of the study is that ChatGPT have potential for a significant impact on higher education programming courses, and probably on education in general. The technology seems to facilitate both cheating and enhanced learning. What will it be? Cheating or AI-enhanced learning? This will be decided by our actions now since the technology is already here and expanding fast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The imitation game, the "child machine," and the fathers of AI.
- Author
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Heffernan, Teresa
- Subjects
COMPUTATIONAL intelligence ,COMPUTER programming ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,TURING test ,FATHERS - Abstract
Alan Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," published in 1950, is one of the founding texts in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), although the term was not coined until 1958, 4 years after his death. From the treatment of human intelligence as computational and the brain as mechanical to the comparison of animals to machines to the disregard for the materiality of computers to programming as a stand-in for procreation to fiction-inspired science, many of the core tenets that have shaped the field of AI have their origins in Turing's paper. A close analysis of the paper exposes some of the problematic logic underlying these tenets that are now proving damaging for both society and the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Programmable Rewriting Strategies in Haskell: — White Paper —.
- Author
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Lämmel, Ralf
- Subjects
REWRITING systems (Computer science) ,MACHINE theory ,COMPUTER systems ,COMPUTER programming - Abstract
Abstract: Programmable rewriting strategies provide a valuable tool for implementing traversal functionality in grammar-driven (or schema-driven) tools. The working Haskell programmer has access to programmable rewriting strategies via two similar options: (i) the Strafunski bundle for generic functional programming and language processing, and (ii) the “Scrap Your Boilerplate” approach to generic functional programming. Basic rewrite steps are encoded as monomorphic functions on datatypes. Rewriting strategies are polymorphic functions composed from appropriate basic strategy combinators. We will briefly review programmable rewriting strategies in Haskell. We will address the following questions: [•] What are the merits of Haskellish strategies? [•] What is the relation between strategic programming and generic programming? [•] What are the challenges for future work on functional strategies? [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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