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Cultural exchange programs are beneficial to the participating students, professors, and countries, provided that the programs are administered in a way designed to achieve the objectives most usefully. In Romania, the question must be discussed of the role, for example, of American literature in the curricula of the universities, types of materials and courses, and the types of necessary support from the Romanian educational authorities and the American Embassy. In America the question of placement of Romanian scholars and methods of selection must be a matter of serious and continuing concern. In the past, while the programs have been valuable, much of the planning has been ad hoc. This paper tries to suggest specific areas where concerted effort, serious forethought, and long-range planning can add to the value of the programs. Among other suggestions are: a Xerox center for materials for Eastern Europe, increased book allowances, trained State Dept. personnel in charge, and ways of avoiding problems which have arisen in the past. (Author/AM)

Focusing on Rumania, this paper studies the relationship between the values system of the technological era and the implications for education. With increasing industralization and technological development, many societies have emerged as highly utilitarian in which all values are subordinated to acquisitive behavior, materialism, and individual egotistic achievement. Yet the fundamentally antiutilitarian ethical, Marxist humanism retains as its highest ideal the transformation of man from a means into a goal. A survey of Rumanian youth indicates a commitment to the humanist ideal of socialism based on equity and social justice. According to Marxist humanism, the principal requirements of contemporary education should be the stimulation of creativity within the student, placing him in a position of choice and guiding his free and conscious option toward the most advanced alternatives, the increase in the role of self-education, the education for many-sided student personalities and their filfillment, the permanent assertion of freedom and autonomy of personality as the basis for socialization, and the development of human values. (Author/DE)