4,755 results
Search Results
2. Research Paper: Health Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Strategy and Experience Analysis.
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Rafieepour, Athena, Masoumi, Gholamreza, and Dehghani, Arezoo
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COVID-19 pandemic , *MEDICAL emergencies , *MEDICAL care , *WORLD health , *EPIDEMICS - Abstract
Background: Sharing experiences and learning from health measures taken during the outbreak of epidemics is a critical issue that affects the right and timely decisions in health crises. In the present study, an attempt has been made to review the health policies adopted against COVID-19 and extract critical points for resolving the epidemic crisis. Materials and Methods: This article was a comparative study. The study population comprised Canada, Japan, Germany, Korea, Turkey, and Iran. Ten effective indicators in the management of epidemics were extracted by reviewing the literature and interviewing disaster management experts, and the degree of conformity of the research community with them was examined. The study data were collected from articles published in scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines) or information from COVID-19 disease management organizations from official sites. The obtained data were processed and analyzed by matrix content analysis. Results: The results showed the importance of 10 effective indicators in the management of epidemics during the outbreak of COVID-19 studied and noticed by the health system of most countries. And the government, local and private organizations have participated in the implementation of the studied indicators according to the conditions of each country's health system. Therefore, the success rate of countries in managing COVID-19 disease varies according to the time, type, and manner of implementation and monitoring of measures. Conclusion: Speed of action in adopting health policies and integration in its implementation, construction of convalescence, adequate training and access to personal protective equipment, prevention of nosocomial contamination, and voluntary assistance are essential issues in the fight against epidemics. These measures should be considered and used as teachings in managing health crises, especially emerging diseases and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Innovations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Policies to Strengthen the Ending the Epidemic Initiative—A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association
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Armstrong, Wendy S, Agwu, Allison L, Barrette, Ernie-Paul, Ignacio, Rachel Bender, Chang, Jennifer J, Colasanti, Jonathan A, Floris-Moore, Michelle, Haddad, Marwan, MacLaren, Lynsay, and Weddle, Andrea
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HIV prevention , *HIV infections , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL protocols , *PREVENTIVE medicine , *TELEMEDICINE , *HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The goal of the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative is to reduce new infections in the United States by 90% by 2030. Success will require fundamentally changing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and care delivery to engage more persons with HIV and at risk of HIV in treatment. While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced in-person visits to care facilities and led to concern about interruptions in care, it also accelerated growth of alternative options, bolstered by additional funding support. These included the use of telehealth, medication delivery to the home, and increased flexibility facilitating access to Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program services. While the outcomes of these programs must be studied, many have improved accessibility during the pandemic. As the pandemic wanes, long-term policy changes are needed to preserve these options for those who benefit from them. These new care paradigms may provide a roadmap for progress for those with other chronic health issues as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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4. A Call to Action: The Role of Antiretroviral Stewardship in Inpatient Practice, a Joint Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, HIV Medicine Association, and American Academy of HIV Medicine.
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Koren, David E, Scarsi, Kimberly K, Farmer, Eric K, Cha, Agnes, Adams, Jessica L, Pandit, Neha Sheth, Chang, Jennifer, Scott, James, and Hardy, W David
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MEDICATION error prevention , *ANTI-infective agents , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *DRUG utilization , *HIV infections , *HOSPITAL care , *HOSPITAL patients , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL records , *MEDICATION errors , *MEDICAL practice , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *HUMAN services programs , *MEDICATION reconciliation , *ACQUISITION of data methodology - Abstract
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and others receiving antiretrovirals are at risk for medication errors during hospitalization and at transitions of care. These errors may result in adverse effects or viral resistance, limiting future treatment options. A range of interventions is described in the literature to decrease the occurrence or duration of medication errors, including review of electronic health records, clinical checklists at care transitions, and daily review of medication lists. To reduce the risk of medication-related errors, antiretroviral stewardship programs (ARVSPs) are needed to enhance patient safety. This call to action, endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the HIV Medicine Association, and the American Academy of HIV Medicine, is modeled upon the success of antimicrobial stewardship programs now mandated by the Joint Commission. Herein, we propose definitions of ARVSPs, suggest resources for ARVSP leadership, and provide a summary of published, successful strategies for ARVSP that healthcare facilities may use to develop locally appropriate programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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5. Construction of nursing knowledge in commodified contexts: A discussion paper.
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Martínez‐Rodríguez, Ana, Martínez‐Faneca, Laura, Casafont‐Bullich, Claudia, and Olivé‐Ferrer, Maria Carmen
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BUSINESS , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH policy , *NURSE-patient relationships , *NURSING , *NURSING practice , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *SOCIAL skills - Abstract
This original article outlines a theoretical path and posterior critical analysis regarding two relevant matters in modern nursing: patterns of knowing in nursing and commodification contexts in contemporary health systems. The aim of our manuscript is to examine the development of basic and contextual nursing knowledge in commodified contexts. For this purpose, we outline a discussion and reflexive dialogue based on a literature search and our clinical experience. To lay the foundation for an informed discussion, we conducted a literature search and selected relevant articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese that included contents on patterns of knowing, commodification, and nursing published from 1978 to 2017. Globalization, commodification, and austerity measures seem to have negative effects on nursing. Work conditions are worsening, deteriorating nurse–patient relationships, and limiting reflection on practice. Nurses must develop knowledge to challenge and participate in institutional organization and public health policies. Development of nursing knowledge may be difficult to achieve in commodified environments. Consequently, therapeutic care relationships, healthcare services, and nurses' own health are compromised. However, by obtaining organizational, sociopolitical, and emancipatory knowledge, nurses can use strategies to adapt to or resist commodified contexts while constructing basic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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6. Using psychologically informed care to improve mental health and wellbeing for people living with a heart condition from birth: A statement paper.
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Morton, Liza
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ANXIETY , *CONGENITAL heart disease , *CONVALESCENCE , *MENTAL depression , *HEALTH promotion , *PSYCHOLOGY of cardiac patients , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH policy , *MENTAL health , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGY , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *PSYCHOLOGY , *THEORY , *WELL-being , *PSYCHIATRIC treatment - Abstract
Over the last few decades, medical and surgical advances have led to a growing population of individuals living with congenital heart disease. The challenges of this condition can reach beyond physical limitations to include anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. To date, these psychological outcomes have been neglected; yet, they need not be inevitable. The factors contributing to these difficulties are considered here, drawing on current evidence and neuropsychological theories including the novel application of polyvagal theory. Suggestions for developing psychologically informed medical and social care to improve mental health, wellbeing and recovery and influence policy and training are proposed (See supplemental material for video abstract). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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7. PNS36 A CONCEPTUAL PAPER ON THE USE OF PATIENT SUPPORT PROGRAMS IN PROVIDING BETTER ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE IN EGYPT
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I. Anan and E. Fetian
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Patient support ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine ,Medical emergency ,business ,medicine.disease ,Medical care - Published
- 2019
8. Empty stocks and loose paper: Governing access to medicines through informality in Northern India.
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Dahdah, Marine Al, Kumar, Aalok, and Quet, Mathieu
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HEALTH services accessibility , *MEDICAL care , *INFORMAL sector , *ETHNOLOGY , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
Based upon research in the state of Bihar, India, this article argues that informal access to medicines in Northern India is a core element of the government of healthcare. Informal providers such as unlicensed village doctors and unlicensed drug sellers play a major role in access to medicines in Bihar, in the particular context of the dismantling of public procurement services. Building on recent works in the socio-anthropology of pharmaceuticals, the article shows the importance of taking into account the political economy of drugs in India, in order to understand local problems of access more fully. If informal providers occupy such an important position in the government of healthcare in India, this is partly due to the shaping of healthcare as access to drugs on health markets. Elaborating the argument from interviews with health professionals and patients, the article first shows the situation of public healthcare and public procurement in Bihar; then it presents the role of informal medicine providers; lastly, it shows how patients deal with the fact that they live in a ‘pharmaceutical world’ where access to health equates with access to medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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9. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Disparities: Executive Summary of a Policy Position Paper From the American College of Physicians.
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Daniel, Hilary and Butkus, Renee
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HEALTH equity , *LGBTQ+ people , *HEALTH of LGBTQ+ people , *HEALTH policy , *PHYSICIANS' attitudes , *WELL-being , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
In this position paper, the American College of Physicians examines the health disparities experienced by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and makes a series of recommendations to achieve equity for LGBT individuals in the health care system. These recommendations include enhancing physician understanding of how to provide culturally and clinically competent care for LGBT individuals, addressing environmental and social factors that can affect their mental and physical well-being, and supporting further research into understanding their unique health needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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10. Principles Supporting Dynamic Clinical Care Teams: An American College of Physicians Position Paper.
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Doherty, Robert B. and Crowley, Ryan A.
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MEDICAL care , *PHYSICIANS , *CLINICAL trials , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
The U.S. health care system is undergoing a shift from individual clinical practice toward team-based care. This move toward team-based care requires fresh thinking about clinical leadership and responsibilities to ensure that the unique skills of each clinician are used to provide the best care for the patient as the patient's needs dictate, while the team as a whole must work together to ensure that all aspects of a patient's care are coordinated for the benefit of the patient. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians offers principles, definitions, and examples to dissolve barriers that prevent movement toward dynamic clinical care teams. These principles offer a framework for an evolving, updated approach to health care delivery, providing policy guidance that can be useful to clinical teams in organizing the care processes and clinician responsibilities consistent with professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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11. Part 1 – unravelling primary health care conceptual predicaments through the lenses of complexity and political economy: a position paper for progressive transformation.
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Félix‐Bortolotti, Margot
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PRIMARY health care , *PRIMARY care , *MEDICAL care , *PUBLIC health , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
Objective To disentangle the concepts of primary health care and primary care as well as their conceptual and empirical ramifications for progressive transformation. Methods over 400 international and interdisciplinary abstracts and papers with 96 annotated bibliography abstracts of literature across multiple dimensions relating to the knowledge base around mechanisms in PHC development were reviewed. The text is confronted with the reality, as it exists in the field and makes the case for complexity perspectives to assess this phenomenon in its context. Conclusion PHC complexity is an important analytical tool to interrogate the ways in which this phenomenon is socially constructed as well as in the matrices in which it is embedded. It is also a potent analytical tool to assist in the deconstruction of prevalent linear thinking built around PHC as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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12. White paper addresses VBP opportunities, challenges for BH providers.
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Canady, Valerie A.
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VALUE-based healthcare ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,COST control ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MEDICAID ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy ,MENTAL health ,POLICY sciences ,QUALITY assurance ,PATIENT Protection & Affordable Care Act ,ELECTRONIC health records ,MEDICAL laws - Abstract
Health care payments continue to evolve and shift away from fee‐for‐service payment systems that typically reward volume and move to value‐based payment (VBP) models that incentivize high‐quality, cost‐effective care. While this is happening more for physical health services, there's more uncertainty about the role of behavioral health. A new white paper aims to tackle that question with information about existing models that have been implemented along with recommendations for federal and state policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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13. Health Care for Our Nation's Veterans: A Policy Paper From the American College of Physicians.
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Crowley, Ryan, Atiq, Omar, Hilden, David, Cooney, Thomas G., Beachy, Micah, Brislen, Heather, Curry, William, Dhingra, Menaka, Engel, Lee, Henry, Tracey L., Hollon, Matthew, Mathew, Suja, Shoushtari, Christiana, Southworth, Molly, Tan, Michael, and Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians*
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INTEGRATED health care delivery , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH facilities , *MEDICAL personnel , *TRAINING of medical residents , *HEALTH policy , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PRIVATE sector , *MEDICAL care research , *HOLISTIC medicine , *PRIMARY health care , *MENTAL health services administration , *HEALTH care teams , *POLICY sciences , *MEDICAL education , *TELEMEDICINE , *MEDICAL societies - Abstract
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the United States' largest integrated health care delivery system, serving over 9 million enrollees at nearly 1300 health care facilities. In addition to providing health care to the nation's military veterans, the VHA has a research and development program, trains thousands of medical residents and other health care professionals, and conducts emergency preparedness and response activities. The VHA has been celebrated for delivering high-quality care to veterans, early adoption of electronic medical records, and high patient satisfaction. However, the system faces challenges, including implementation of an expanded community care program, modernization of its electronic medical records system, and providing care to a population with complex needs. The position paper offers policy recommendations on VHA funding, the community care program, medical and health care professions training, and research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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14. Book Review: Rationing America's Medical Care: The Oregon Plan and BeyondRationing America's Medical Care: The Oregon Plan and BeyondStrosbertMartin, editors The Brookings Institute, Washington, D.C.1992, 229 pp. $12.95 (Paper)
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Robert J. Barnet
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Philosophy ,Health Policy ,Political science ,Rationing ,Plan (archaeology) ,Medical care ,Management - Published
- 1993
15. Moving towards social inclusion: Engaging rural voices in priority setting for health.
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Tugendhaft, Aviva, Christofides, Nicola, Stacey, Nicholas, Kahn, Kathleen, Erzse, Agnes, Danis, Marion, Gold, Marthe, and Hofman, Karen
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HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,RURAL conditions ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,MEDICAL care ,UNIVERSAL healthcare ,MANN Whitney U Test ,DECISION making ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RURAL health ,DATA analysis software ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,SOCIAL integration ,HEALTH planning - Abstract
Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) in the context of limited resources will require prioritising the most vulnerable and ensuring health policies and services are responsive to their needs. One way of addressing this is through the engagement of marginalised voices in the priority setting process. Public engagement approaches that enable group level deliberation as well as individual level preference capturing might be valuable in this regard, but there are limited examples of their practical application, and gaps in understanding their outcomes, especially with rural populations. Objective: To address this gap, we implemented a modified priority setting tool (Choosing All Together—CHAT) that enables individuals and groups to make trade‐offs to demonstrate the type of health services packages that may be acceptable to a rural population. The paper presents the findings from the individual choices as compared to the group choices, as well as the differences among the individual choices using this tool. Methods: Participants worked in groups and as individuals to allocate stickers representing the available budget to different health topics and interventions using the CHAT tool. The allocations were recorded at each stage of the study. We calculated the median and interquartile range across study participants for the topic totals. To examine differences in individual choices, we performed Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Results: The results show that individual interests were mostly aligned with societal ones, and there were no statistically significant differences between the individual and group choices. However, there were some statistically significant differences between individual priorities based on demographic characteristics like age. Discussion: The study demonstrates that giving individuals greater control and agency in designing health services packages can increase their participation in the priority setting process, align individual and community priorities, and potentially enhance the legitimacy and acceptability of priority setting. Methods that enable group level deliberation and individual level priority setting may be necessary to reconcile plurality. The paper also highlights the importance of capturing the details of public engagement processes and transparently reporting on these details to ensure valuable outcomes. Public Contribution: The facilitator of the CHAT groups was a member from the community and underwent training from the research team. The fieldworkers were also from the community and were trained and paid to capture the data. The participants were all members of the rural community‐ the study represents their priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. Clinical interventions, implementation interventions, and the potential greyness in between -a discussion paper.
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Eldh, Ann Catrine, Almost, Joan, DeCorby-Watson, Kara, Gifford, Wendy, Harvey, Gill, Hasson, Henna, Kenny, Deborah, Moodie, Sheila, Wallin, Lars, and Yost, Jennifer
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TREATMENT effectiveness ,MEDICAL care ,MEDICAL personnel ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL rehabilitation ,CLINICAL trials ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,MEDICAL care research ,MEDICAL research ,QUALITY assurance - Abstract
Background: There is increasing awareness that regardless of the proven value of clinical interventions, the use of effective strategies to implement such interventions into clinical practice is necessary to ensure that patients receive the benefits. However, there is often confusion between what is the clinical intervention and what is the implementation intervention. This may be caused by a lack of conceptual clarity between 'intervention' and 'implementation', yet at other times by ambiguity in application. We suggest that both the scientific and the clinical communities would benefit from greater clarity; therefore, in this paper, we address the concepts of intervention and implementation, primarily as in clinical interventions and implementation interventions, and explore the grey area in between.Discussion: To begin, we consider the similarities, differences and potential greyness between clinical interventions and implementation interventions through an overview of concepts. This is illustrated with reference to two examples of clinical interventions and implementation intervention studies, including the potential ambiguity in between. We then discuss strategies to explore the hybridity of clinical-implementation intervention studies, including the role of theories, frameworks, models, and reporting guidelines that can be applied to help clarify the clinical and implementation intervention, respectively.Conclusion: Semantics provide opportunities for improved precision in depicting what is 'intervention' and what is 'implementation' in health care research. Further, attention to study design, the use of theory, and adoption of reporting guidelines can assist in distinguishing between the clinical intervention and the implementation intervention. However, certain aspects may remain unclear in analyses of hybrid studies of clinical and implementation interventions. Recognizing this potential greyness can inform further discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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17. Putting Patients First by Reducing Administrative Tasks in Health Care: A Position Paper of the American College of Physicians.
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Erickson, Shari M., Rockwern, Brooke, Koltov, Michelle, McLean, Robert M., and Medical Practice and Quality Committee of the American College of Physicians
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GENERAL practitioners , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL care , *MEDICAL care costs , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MEDICAL offices , *OFFICE management - Abstract
This American College of Physicians (ACP) position paper, initiated and written by ACP's Medical Practice and Quality Committee and approved by the Board of Regents on 21 January 2017, reports policy recommendations to address the issue of administrative tasks to mitigate or eliminate their adverse effects on physicians, their patients, and the health care system as a whole. The paper outlines a cohesive framework for analyzing administrative tasks through several lenses to better understand any given task that a clinician and his or her staff may be required to perform. In addition, a scoping literature review and environmental scan were done to assess the effects on physician time, practice and system cost, and patient care due to the increase in administrative tasks. The findings from the scoping review, in addition to the framework, provide the backbone of detailed policy recommendations from the ACP to external stakeholders (such as payers, governmental oversight organizations, and vendors) regarding how any given administrative requirement, regulation, or program should be assessed, then potentially revised or removed entirely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Women's Health Policy in the United States: An American College of Physicians Position Paper.
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Daniel, Hilary, Erickson, Shari M., Bornstein, Sue S., Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians, Kane, Gregory C, Gantzer, Heather E, Henry, Tracey L, Lenchus, Joshua D, Li, Joseph M, McCandless, Bridget M, Nalitt, Beth R, Viswanathan, Lavanya, Murphy, Caleb J, Azah, Ayeetin M, and Marks, Lianne
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WOMEN'S health , *HEALTH policy , *HEALTH equity , *MEDICAL care , *AGE distribution , *CONTRACEPTION , *DECISION making , *DOMESTIC violence , *LEAVE of absence , *MANAGEMENT , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *MEDICAL societies , *SEX crimes , *FAMILY planning - Abstract
In this position paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) examines the challenges women face in the U.S. health care system across their lifespans, including access to care; sex- and gender-specific health issues; variation in health outcomes compared with men; underrepresentation in research studies; and public policies that affect women, their families, and society. ACP puts forward several recommendations focused on policies that will improve the health outcomes of women and ensure a health care system that supports the needs of women and their families over the course of their lifespans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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19. Global health inequities: a call for papers.
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Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Nisachol Cetthakrikul, Angkana Lekagu, Sasivimol Ontong, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, and Walaiporn Patcharanarumol
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HEALTH policy , *HEALTH services accessibility , *MANUSCRIPTS , *MINORITIES , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *PRACTICAL politics , *MEDICAL care , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *REFUGEES , *HEALTH equity - Abstract
The authors reflect on the global health inequalities in the efforts to achieve optimal health and the sustainable development goals (SDG) set by the United Nations worldwide. Other topics include the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on programs to reduce income inequity among countries, and the authors' call for papers aimed at addressing inequalities in global health.
- Published
- 2023
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20. Scope of practice regulation in medicine: balancing patient safety, access to care and professional autonomy.
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Gericke, Christian A.
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PROFESSIONAL standards ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,HEALTH services accessibility ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MEDICAL care ,RESPONSIBILITY ,PROFESSIONAL autonomy ,MEDICAL practice ,PATIENT safety ,SOCIAL responsibility - Abstract
Scope of practice regulation in medicine is crucial for ensuring patient safety, access to care and professional autonomy. This paper explores the impact of scope of practice regulation on healthcare delivery, professional responsibilities and patient outcomes. It discusses the variability in standards for safe practice, the challenges in defining boundaries between medical specialties and the recent controversies in cosmetic surgery practice. The paper also examines the potential benefits and drawbacks of rigorous scope of practice regulations, including their impact on clinical innovation, flexibility and access to care. Furthermore, it delves into the implications of defensive medicine and the consequences of restrictive regulations on patient care. The author proposes implementing a proactive, national, artificial intelligence-powered, real-time outcome monitoring system to address these challenges. This system aims to cover every patient undergoing a surgical procedure and could be gradually extended to non-surgical conditions, benefiting all key stakeholders in the health system. The paper emphasises the need for a balanced approach to scope of practice regulation to avoid stifling clinical innovation and professional autonomy, while ensuring patient safety and professional accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Social Determinants of Health at the End of 2023: Decolonization, Global South, Mechanisms, Big Pharma, COVID 19 and Health Services.
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Benach, Joan and Muntaner, Carles
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HEALTH policy ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,COVID-19 ,SERIAL publications ,FOOD security ,MEDICAL care ,MENTAL health ,DECOLONIZATION ,HEALTH equity - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the author discusses articles in the issue on topics including mental health services in Colombia, the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in the Gulf countries and universal health care in the U.S.
- Published
- 2023
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22. Pandemic policymaking affecting older adult volunteers during and after the COVID-19 public health crisis in the four nations of the UK.
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Grotz, Jurgen, Armstrong, Lindsay, Edwards, Heather, Jones, Aileen, Locke, Michael, Smith, Laurel, Speed, Ewen, and Birt, Linda
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DISEASE risk factors ,PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,MORTALITY risk factors ,POLICY sciences ,NATIONAL health services ,EXECUTIVES ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL care ,SOCIAL services ,STATISTICAL sampling ,INTERVIEWING ,DECISION making ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,COVID-19 vaccines ,SOCIAL change ,SOCIAL attitudes ,STAY-at-home orders ,DISCOURSE analysis ,TELEMEDICINE ,VOLUNTEERS ,AGING ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,PUBLIC health ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PRACTICAL politics ,HEALTH promotion ,SOCIAL support ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,OLD age - Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to critically examine the effects of COVID-19 social discourses and policy decisions specifically on older adult volunteers in the UK, comparing the responses and their effects in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, providing perspectives on effects of policy changes designed to reduce risk of infection as a result of COVID-19, specifically on volunteer involvement of and for older adults, and understand, from the perspectives of volunteer managers, how COVID-19 restrictions had impacted older people's volunteering and situating this within statutory public health policies. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a critical discourse approach to explore, compare and contrast accounts of volunteering of and for older people in policy, and then compare the discourses within policy documents with the discourses in personal accounts of volunteering in health and social care settings in the four nations of the UK. This paper is co-produced in collaboration with co-authors who have direct experience with volunteer involvement responses and their impact on older people. Findings: The prevailing overall policy approach during the pandemic was that risk of morbidity and mortality to older people was too high to permit them to participate in volunteering activities. Disenfranchising of older people, as exemplified in volunteer involvement, was remarkably uniform across the four nations of the UK. However, the authors find that despite, rather than because of policy changes, older volunteers, as part of, or with the help of, volunteer involving organisations, are taking time to think and to reconsider their involvement and are renewing their volunteer involvement with associated health benefits. Research limitations/implications: Working with participants as co-authors helps to ensure the credibility of results in that there was agreement in the themes identified and the conclusions. A limitation of this study lies in the sampling method, as a convenience sample was used and there is only representation from one organisation in each of the four nations. Originality/value: The paper combines existing knowledge about volunteer involvement of and for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The patient representation struggle during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Missed opportunities for resilient healthcare systems.
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van de Bovenkamp, Hester, de Graaff, Bert, Kalthoff, Karin, and Bal, Roland
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HEALTH policy ,PATIENT advocacy ,PATIENT participation ,PATIENT decision making ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,DECISION making ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis ,MANAGEMENT ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
Background: The role of patient participation and representation during crises, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, has been under‐researched. Existing studies paint a pessimistic picture of patient representation during the pandemic. However, there are indications that patient representatives have adapted to the new situation and can contribute to the resilience of healthcare systems. This paper aims to further explore the potential contribution of patient representatives for healthcare system resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: The study used a qualitative approach. We conducted a thematic analysis on the following data: interviews with client council members (n = 32) and representatives from patient organizations (n = 6) and focus groups (n = 2) to investigate patient representation on both the national policy level and organizational level in the Netherlands. Results: We identified the crisis discourse, the dependent position, the diversity of patient perspectives and the layered decision‐making structure as themes that help to understand what made patient representation in pandemic times a struggle for national and local patient representatives. The analysis of the subjects these representatives put forward during decision‐making shows that their input can play an important role in broadening discussions, challenging decisions, and suggesting alternatives during a crisis. We identified several strategies (e.g., collaborating with other actors, proactively putting subjects on the policy agenda, finding new ways of contacting their 'constituency') used by the patient representatives studied to exert influence despite the difficulties encountered. Conclusions: The struggle for patient representation during pandemic decision‐making is a missed opportunity for resilient healthcare systems as these representatives can play a role in opening up discussions and putting different perspectives to the fore. Moreover, the adaptive strategies used by representatives to influence decision‐making offer lessons for future representation activities. However, adaptations to the crisis decision‐making structure are also needed to enable patient representatives to play their role. Patient Contribution: We conducted interviews with patient representatives and discussed our preliminary findings with patient representatives during the focus groups. Zorgbelang, a patient organization supporting client councils and enabling and organizing patient participation for organizations and municipalities, was partner in this research and contributed to the interview guide, conducting interviews and focus groups. Additionally, the analysis made by the first author was discussed and refined multiple times with the partners of Zorgbelang and one of them co‐authored this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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24. Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021.
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Tham Thi Nguyen, Hien Thu Nguyen, Huyen Phuc Do, Cyrus SH Ho, and Roger CM Ho
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,HIV infections ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,SERIAL publications ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITY of life ,HEALTH care teams ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,POLICY sciences ,CONTENT analysis ,HIV ,AIDS ,MEDICAL research ,DATA mining - Abstract
Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Emergent challenges and opportunities in drug discovery and commercialization.
- Author
-
Lee Mendoza, Roger
- Subjects
DRUG discovery ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,MEDICAL technology ,MEDICAL care ,CLINICAL trials ,COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
We review medical economics literature presented at the 2023 annual AEA-ASSA convention, the largest gathering of economists worldwide. Pharmacoeconomic papers addressed a wide range of issues, including gender and racial gaps in clinical trials, hospital credit financing, drug rebates, covid-19 vaccine equality, and the opioid epidemic. Yet, they had some common identifiable themes. We examine them in the context of the "twin towers" of biopharmaceutical innovation: discovery and commercialization. Implementation outcomes and relative success of innovative solutions — whether in terms of products and services, structural design and arrangements, or policies — depend on how adequately they respond to questions and challenges that arise in drug discovery and commercialization, and who gains from them. That innovation's beneficiaries might not equally gain from its intended advantages is another unifying theme in the reviewed literature. Against this backdrop, biopharmaceutical innovation can breed new challenges and opportunities. And health policy can perform a critical, leveling function that reduces cost, increases access, and ensures quality of biopharmaceutical solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Norwegian rehabilitation policies and the coordination reform’s effect: a critical discourse analysis.
- Author
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Røberg, Anne-Stine B., Feiring, Marte, and Romsland, Grace I.
- Subjects
DISCOURSE analysis ,HEALTH care reform ,MATHEMATICAL models ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy ,PRACTICAL politics ,THEORY - Abstract
This article applies a critical discourse analysis of two Norwegian White Papers published within a period of 10 years, and that focused on rehabilitation policies. Concerning the way medical and socio-political conceptual models are embedded in the texts, the analysis has revealed three orders of rehabilitation discourse: The discourse of reaction, the discourse of action, and the discourse of pro-action. The analysis outlines the repositioning of rehabilitation to adhere to socio-political approaches; however, it also questions whether this social turn has some unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Public value in health policy: an approach for exploring the value of healthcare for patients and the wider public.
- Author
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Wylie, Rick and Howard, Glen
- Subjects
PUBLIC value ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of public value and its application to healthcare, providing insights into understanding the value of healthcare for the individual patient and the wider public beyond immediate health outcomes. An established framework is used to frame the concept of public value and an approach for using public value as a lens by which healthcare innovation can be understood is proposed in the context of the non-clinical use of patient data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Power and positionality in the practice of health system responsiveness at sub-national level: insights from the Kenyan coast.
- Author
-
Kagwanja, Nancy, Molyneux, Sassy, Whyle, Eleanor, Tsofa, Benjamin, Leli, Hassan, and Gilson, Lucy
- Subjects
POWER (Social sciences) ,RESEARCH funding ,QUALITATIVE research ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy ,INTERVIEWING ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,HEALTH equity ,PRACTICAL politics ,CASE studies ,MEDICAL practice - Abstract
Background: Health system responsiveness to public priorities and needs is a broad, multi-faceted and complex health system goal thought to be important in promoting inclusivity and reducing system inequity in participation. Power dynamics underlie the complexity of responsiveness but are rarely considered. This paper presents an analysis of various manifestations of power within the responsiveness practices of Health Facility Committees (HFCs) and Sub-county Health Management Teams (SCHMTs) operating at the subnational level in Kenya. Kenyan policy documents identify responsiveness as an important policy goal. Methods: Our analysis draws on qualitative data (35 interviews with health managers and local politicians, four focus group discussions with HFC members, observations of SCHMT meetings, and document review) from a study conducted at the Kenyan Coast. We applied a combination of two power frameworks to interpret our findings: Gaventa's power cube and Long's actor interface analysis. Results: We observed a weakly responsive health system in which system-wide and equity in responsiveness were frequently undermined by varied forms and practices of power. The public were commonly dominated in their interactions with other health system actors: invisible and hidden power interacted to limit their sharing of feedback; while the visible power of organisational hierarchy constrained HFCs' and SCHMTs' capacity both to support public feedback mechanisms and to respond to concerns raised. These power practices were underpinned by positional power relationships, personal characteristics, and world views. Nonetheless, HFCs, SCHMTs and the public creatively exercised some power to influence responsiveness, for example through collaborations with political actors. However, most resulting responses were unsustainable, and sometimes undermined equity as politicians sought unfair advantage for their constituents. Conclusion: Our findings illuminate the structures and mechanisms that contribute to weak health system responsiveness even in contexts where it is prioritised in policy documents. Supporting inclusion and participation of the public in feedback mechanisms can strengthen receipt of public feedback; however, measures to enhance public agency to participate are also needed. In addition, an organisational environment and culture that empowers health managers to respond to public inputs is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Reviewing the limitations of publicly funded adult developmental services in Ontario: exposing ableist assumptions within the administrative process.
- Author
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Chawrun, Isabella
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH services accessibility , *FOCUS groups , *ENDOWMENTS , *GROUP identity , *INDEPENDENT living , *RESEARCH funding , *MEDICAL care , *INTERVIEWING , *HEALTH policy , *PARENT attitudes , *STATE governments , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GOVERNMENT aid , *DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *RESEARCH methodology , *ADULT children , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *CAREGIVER attitudes , *RESIDENTIAL care , *ADULTS - Abstract
This paper considers the ways that publicly funded developmental services for adults with developmental disabilities in southern Ontario are limited in how they support clients. This paper is informed by field research conducted in the summer of 2019, which was composed of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a policy review. Informed by parent advocates who are the main caregivers of their adult children labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities, this paper claims that the administrative processes of the Ontario ministry that manages and funds adult disability services relate to broader exclusionary patterns among adults with developmental disabilities. I explore this claim by reviewing how common ableist assumptions of people with developmental disabilities are ingrained in the policies and administrative processes of these services. I contribute to ongoing discussions among Critical Disability Scholars of the ways that disability as a social category can be articulated outside of ableist assumptions. Informed by parent caregiver perspectives, this article outlines how the limitations of provincially funded disability services in Ontario, Canada cause significant challenge in the lives of those labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. One possible explanation for these limitations is that there is a disconnect between how the provincial government classifies who should receive immediate services and how many services, versus the actual need of those labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The criteria for high supports, such as monthly funding, placement into a living facility, and the provincial assessment for determining a person's 'adaptive functioning' are rooted in problematic assumptions made of people labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Books Received.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC discourse ,SCHOLARLY periodicals ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
This article presents a list of books received, but not reviewed, by the publication. They include "Rethinking Professional Governance: International Directions in Healthcare," edited by Ellen Kuhlman and Kike Saks; "The Economics of Health Equity," edited by Di McIntyre and Gavin Mooney; and "Men's Health -- How to Do It," edited by David Conrad and Alan White.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Editorial.
- Author
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Gavrielides, Theo
- Subjects
HEALTH care industry ,HEALTH policy ,TINNITUS ,HUMAN rights ,SERIAL publications ,MEDICAL care ,PRIVATE sector ,RISK assessment ,HEALTH insurance ,HEALTH equity ,GAY men - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Abusive behaviors: long-term forced quarantine and intimate partner violence during Covid-19 outbreak.
- Author
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Hosain, Md Sajjad and Jakia, Umma
- Subjects
INTIMATE partner violence -- Law & legislation ,DISMISSAL of employees ,HEALTH policy ,MIDDLE-income countries ,INTERVIEWING ,UNCERTAINTY ,MEDICAL care ,INTIMATE partner violence ,RISK assessment ,CRIME victims ,EXPERIENCE ,SPOUSES ,INCOME ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL security ,PUBLIC housing ,LOW-income countries ,CASE studies ,FINANCIAL stress ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,STAY-at-home orders ,DEVELOPING countries ,COVID-19 pandemic ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
Purpose: As Covid-19 became a pandemic, numerous people were forced to stay at home, leading to increased intimate partner violence (IPV) in many countries, particularly in developing and least-developed ones. This paper aims to highlight the IPV based on 15 different cases formed from the practical evidence of five developing countries. Design/methodology/approach: The authors interviewed 15 women from five countries who were the victims of IPV during the early periods of Covid-19 outbreak. Due to geographical remoteness, the authors conducted informal telephone interviews to collect the participants' personal experiences. The conversations were recorded with participants' permission; afterwards, the authors summarized participants' experiences into 15 different cases without revealing their original identities (instead, disguised names were used). Findings: It was revealed that the women were the primary victims of such violence, particularly from their intimate partners (husbands). In most cases, such IPV, as reported by the interviewees, originated or increased after the pandemic when they were forced to stay at home, losing their partners' jobs or income sources. Originality/value: The authors summarized the causes of IPV and put forward a few action recommendations based on the interviewees' practical experience and existing literature. This paper will open a new window for research investigations on IPV during emergencies such as Covid-19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Time to solve persistent, pernicious and widespread nursing workforce shortages.
- Author
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Peters, Micah
- Subjects
NURSE supply & demand ,NURSES ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,HOSPITAL nursing staff ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy ,LABOR turnover ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,NURSING care facilities ,WORLD health ,INTENTION ,TIME ,LABOR supply ,COVID-19 pandemic ,WELL-being - Abstract
Aim: This paper discusses four main strategies for addressing nursing shortages that have been persistent, widespread and growing. Fallout from the COVID‐19 pandemic might offer valuable impetus to address this tenacious challenge. Background: Nursing shortages are common, widespread and have been persistent for most of a century. Many of the reasons behind these shortages are well known and are themselves enduring, as are the types of strategies put forward for addressing them. These strategies can generally be classified into four main categories: enhancing retention, improving recruitment, encouraging return to practice and drawing on international human resources. The COVID‐19 pandemic is the latest major threat to ensuring a sufficiently sized and skilled nursing workforce. Many nurses have succumbed to burnout as well the plethora of factors that predated the pandemic and have a negative impact on nurse wellbeing, turnover and intention to leave. Sources of evidence: This discussion paper draws on international sources of evidence. Discussion/conclusion: This paper highlights how many of the factors behind and strategies for addressing nursing shortages at the local, national and global levels are widely studied and known. A sustained combination of strategies that focus both within and beyond health and nursing, including on the broader social context, is necessary. While COVID‐19 has been extremely damaging, it might present an opportunity to make sustainable, effective reforms to address nursing shortages. Implications for policy: Knowledge users must recognise that a combination of approaches across the gamut of policies that influence nursing workforces is necessary to address nursing shortages. Attention must also focus on factors beyond nursing and healthcare if shortages are to be remedied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A Sustainable Model for Healthcare Systems: The Innovative Approach of ESG and Digital Transformation.
- Author
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Sepetis, Anastasios, Rizos, Fotios, Pierrakos, George, Karanikas, Haralampos, and Schallmo, Daniel
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,HEALTH care industry ,HEALTH policy ,WELL-being ,DIGITAL technology ,PRACTICAL politics ,MEDICAL care ,SOCIAL factors ,BUSINESS ,AUTOMATION ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,FINANCIAL management ,SUSTAINABLE development ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
In recent years, the globe has faced a series of topics of growing concern, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the international financial crisis, rising socio-economic inequalities, the negative outcomes of greenhouse gas emissions, which resulted in climate change, and many others. Organizations worldwide have confronted these new challenges of sustainable finance by incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors and digital transformation (DT) in their innovation business strategies. The healthcare sector represents a large share of the global economy (about 10% of global economic output), employs a large number of workers, and needs to rely more on an open innovation model where interested parties, especially patients, are going to have a say in their own well-being. Thus, it is imperative that healthcare providers be efficient, effective, resilient, and sustainable in the face of significant challenges and risks. At the same time, they must offer sustainable development goals and digital transformation to healthcare users through limited governmental resources. This study investigates the role, importance, and correlation of ESG factors and digital transformation to the sustainable finance of healthcare systems through an innovative model. The main purpose of the paper is to present the already implemented ESG and DT factors in the healthcare sector and to propose a mutual and combined implementation strategy based on common evaluation tools, methods, and actions. A set of proposed actions and strategies are presented for the sustainability and resilience of the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Strategic integration of artificial intelligence in public health: Policy recommendations for improved healthcare delivery.
- Author
-
Dhabliya, Dharmesh, Kulkarni, Shailesh V., Jadhav, Netaji, Ubale, Swapnaja A., Sharma, Parth, Gavali, Ashwini B., Kadam, Yugantara R., and Gaidhane, Abhay
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL informatics - Abstract
In the field of healthcare, the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Public Health has emerged as an essential component, presenting numerous opportunities for innovation that are one of a kind. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the historical development, current patterns, and global repercussions of incorporating AI into healthcare systems. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of AI in the field of public health. It covers the progression of the field, beginning with the initial efforts to automate diagnostic procedures and ending with the most recent developments in predictive modeling and precision medicine. The research investigates the degree to which various nations have adopted AI, highlighting both successful implementations and ongoing challenges in the framework of the global landscape. The intentional incorporation of AI is presented as a driving force for the transformation of healthcare provision. This transformation has the potential to provide potential benefits such as improved precision in diagnosis, effectiveness in treatment, and efficient utilization of treatment resources. In addition, the paper places an emphasis on the proactive role that AI plays in identifying and mitigating emerging health risks. Providing useful information about the policies, practices, and frameworks that enable the efficient incorporation of AI into public health is the primary objective of this research. The purpose of this paper is to provide policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and researchers with suggestions that can be put into practice today by combining historical perspectives and analyzing patterns that are currently occurring. The purpose of this action is to have an impact on the conversation that is taking place about the future of healthcare delivery, with the intention of highlighting the significant impact that AI can have on improving the circumstances of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
36. Conscientious objection and refusal to provide reproductive healthcare: A White Paper examining prevalence, health consequences, and policy responses.
- Author
-
Chavkin, Wendy, Leitman, Liddy, and Polin, Kate
- Subjects
- *
CONSCIENTIOUS objection , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH impact assessment , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL decision making - Abstract
Background Global Doctors for Choice—a transnational network of physician advocates for reproductive health and rights—began exploring the phenomenon of conscience-based refusal of reproductive healthcare as a result of increasing reports of harms worldwide. The present White Paper examines the prevalence and impact of such refusal and reviews policy efforts to balance individual conscience, autonomy in reproductive decision making, safeguards for health, and professional medical integrity. Objectives and search strategy The White Paper draws on medical, public health, legal, ethical, and social science literature published between 1998 and 2013 in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. Estimates of prevalence are difficult to obtain, as there is no consensus about criteria for refuser status and no standardized definition of the practice, and the studies have sampling and other methodologic limitations. The White Paper reviews these data and offers logical frameworks to represent the possible health and health system consequences of conscience-based refusal to provide abortion; assisted reproductive technologies; contraception; treatment in cases of maternal health risk and inevitable pregnancy loss; and prenatal diagnosis. It concludes by categorizing legal, regulatory, and other policy responses to the practice. Conclusions Empirical evidence is essential for varied political actors as they respond with policies or regulations to the competing concerns at stake. Further research and training in diverse geopolitical settings are required. With dual commitments toward their own conscience and their obligations to patients’ health and rights, providers and professional medical/public health societies must lead attempts to respond to conscience-based refusal and to safeguard reproductive health, medical integrity, and women's lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Health systems response to climate change adaptation: a scoping review of global evidence.
- Author
-
Ansah, Edward Wilson, Amoadu, Mustapha, Obeng, Paul, and Sarfo, Jacob Owusu
- Subjects
CLIMATE change adaptation ,CLIMATE change & health ,PUBLIC health infrastructure ,MEDICAL care ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
Background: The health system plays a critical role in safeguarding the well-being of communities in the face of health risks associated with climate change. This review maps evidence on health systems' adaptation to climate risk and barriers to effective adaptation. Methods: This review followed the recommendations by Arksey and O'Malley for conducting scoping review. Search for records was conducted in PubMed, Central, Web of Science, JSTOR, Google, and Google Scholar. Only peer-reviewed papers published in English language were included in this review. All the 63 included studies were critically appraise d. Results: We found that efforts are being made to create resilient health systems by incorporating climate change into health policies. Investments are being made in innovative technologies, climate-resilient health infrastructure, enhancing healthcare delivery, developing the capacity of climate specialists and agencies to provide high-quality evidence for resilient health systems. We also found that several obstacles prevent health system adaptation to climate risk, including poor policy implementation and evaluation. The obstacles are further exacerbated by financial constraints, including poverty, a lack of political commitment, inadequate data, and deficient healthcare systems, especially in developing countries. There is also a lack of integration of climate change into mental health actions and the health and safety of healthcare workers. Conclusion: Efforts to develop resilient health systems against climate risks are underway, but persistent obstacles, including inadequate policy implementation, resource limitations, and a lack of integration of climate change into critical health domains, hinder comprehensive adaptation measures, particularly in developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Implementation of the electronic health record in the German healthcare system: an assessment of the current status and future development perspectives considering the potentials of health data utilisation by representatives of different stakeholder groups
- Author
-
Rau, Elisabeth, Tischendorf, Tim, and Mitzscherlich, Beate
- Subjects
MEDICAL care use ,HEALTH services accessibility ,DATA security ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITATIVE research ,MEDICAL care ,DIGITAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,HEALTH policy ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DECISION making ,PATIENT care ,FEDERAL government ,ELECTRONIC health records ,PROFESSIONAL employee training ,RESEARCH methodology ,RESEARCH ,COMMUNICATION ,STAKEHOLDER analysis - Abstract
Introduction: The digitalisation of the German healthcare system enables a wide range of opportunities to utilize healthcare data. The implementation of the EHR in January 2021 was a significant step, but compared to other European countries, the implementation of the EHR in the German healthcare system is still at an early stage. The aim of this paper is to characterise the structural factors relating to the adoption of the EHR in more detail from the perspective of representatives of stakeholders working in the German healthcare system and to identify existing barriers to implementation and the need for change. Methods: Qualitative expert interviews were conducted with one representative from each of the stakeholder groups health insurance, pharmacies, healthcare research, EHR development and panel doctors. Results: The interviews with the various stakeholders revealed that the implementation process of the EHR is being delayed by a lack of a viable basis for decision-making, existing conflicts of interest and insufficient consideration of the needs of patients and service providers, among other things. Discussion: The current status of EHR implementation is due to deficiency in legal regulations as well as structural problems and the timing of the introduction. For instance, the access rights of various stakeholders to the EHR data and the procedure in the event of a technical failure of the telematics infrastructure are remain unclear. In addition, insufficient information and communication measures have not led to the desired acceptance of EHR use among patients and service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Development and validation of the Trust in Multidimensional Healthcare Systems Scale (TIMHSS).
- Author
-
Meyer, Samantha B., Brown, Patrick, Calnan, Michael, Ward, Paul R., Little, Jerrica, Betini, Gustavo S., Perlman, Christopher M., Burns, Kathleen E., and Filice, Eric
- Subjects
MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,CLINICAL medicine ,THERAPEUTICS ,RESEARCH funding ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,KEY performance indicators (Management) ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,TRUST ,PHYSICIANS - Abstract
Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has reignited a commitment from the health policy and health services research communities to rebuilding trust in healthcare and created a renewed appetite for measures of trust for system monitoring and evaluation. The aim of the present paper was to develop a multidimensional measure of trust in healthcare that: (1) Is responsive to the conceptual and methodological limitations of existing measures; (2) Can be used to identify systemic explanations for lower levels of trust in equity-deserving populations; (3) Can be used to design and evaluate interventions aiming to (re)build trust. Methods: We conducted a 2021 review of existing measures of trust in healthcare, 72 qualitative interviews (Aug-Dec 2021; oversampling for equity-deserving populations), an expert review consensus process (Oct 2021), and factor analyses and validation testing based on two waves of survey data (Nov 2021, n = 694; Jan-Feb 2022, n = 740 respectively). Findings: We present the Trust in Multidimensional Healthcare Systems Scale (TIMHSS); a 38-item correlated three-factor measure of trust in doctors, policies, and the system. Measurement of invariance tests suggest that the TIMHSS can also be reliably administered to diverse populations. Conclusions: This global measure of trust in healthcare can be used to measure trust over time at a population level, or used within specific subpopulations, to inform interventions to (re)build trust. It can also be used within a clinical setting to provide a stronger evidence base for associations between trust and therapeutic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Improving Breast Cancer Outcomes for Indigenous Women in Australia.
- Author
-
Christie, Vita, Riley, Lynette, Green, Deb, Amin, Janaki, Skinner, John, Pyke, Chris, and Gwynne, Kylie
- Subjects
BREAST tumors ,INDIGENOUS women ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL care ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,EVALUATION of medical care ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,INDIGENOUS Australians - Abstract
Simple Summary: The current evidence regarding Indigenous* women and breast cancer in Australia shows lower prevalence but higher mortality rates. There are a range of reasons for this, including co-morbidities, lack of access to health services and low health information fluency. Perhaps most importantly, breast cancer health policy and service delivery practice do not meet the needs of Indigenous women in Australia, according to Indigenous women. Talking and listening to Indigenous women about breast cancer highlight that the solutions to improve breast cancer outcomes are available and that they are not complex. Indigenous women must be involved in the improvement of policy and practice in order for these outcomes to improve. *Terminology: We respectfully refer to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as "Indigenous". In Australia, the incidence rate of breast cancer is lower in Indigenous* women than non-Indigenous women; however, the mortality rate is higher, with Indigenous women 1.2 times more likely to die from the disease. This paper provides practical and achievable solutions to improve health outcomes for Indigenous women with breast cancer in Australia. This research employed the Context–Mechanism–Outcome (CMO) framework to reveal potential mechanisms and contextual factors that influence breast cancer outcomes for Indigenous women, stratified into multiple levels, namely, micro (interpersonal), meso (systemic) and macro (policy) levels. The CMO framework allowed us to interpret evidence regarding Indigenous women and breast cancer and provides nine practical ways to improve health outcomes and survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Policy recommendations to guide the use of telemedicine in primary care settings: an American College of Physicians position paper.
- Author
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Daniel, Hilary, Sulmasy, Lois Snyder, and Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians
- Subjects
- *
TELEMEDICINE , *PRIMARY care , *PERIODIC health examinations , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *GUIDELINES , *MEDICAL care cost control , *HEALTH services accessibility , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH policy , *PRIMARY health care , *HEALTH insurance reimbursement , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Telemedicine-the use of technology to deliver care at a distance-is rapidly growing and can potentially expand access for patients, enhance patient-physician collaboration, improve health outcomes, and reduce medical costs. However, the potential benefits of telemedicine must be measured against the risks and challenges associated with its use, including the absence of the physical examination, variation in state practice and licensing regulations, and issues surrounding the establishment of the patient-physician relationship. This paper offers policy recommendations for the practice and use of telemedicine in primary care and reimbursement policies associated with telemedicine use. The positions put forward by the American College of Physicians highlight a meaningful approach to telemedicine policies and regulations that will have lasting positive effects for patients and physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A critical interpretive synthesis of migrants' experiences of the Australian health system.
- Author
-
Lakin, Kimberly and Kane, Sumit
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,MEDICAL quality control ,CINAHL database ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,HEALTH policy ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDICAL care ,CULTURAL competence ,MEDLINE - Abstract
While the health of and healthcare use by migrants has received significant scholarly and policy attention in Australia, current debates highlight that a critical examination of the theoretical underpinnings of these inquiries and responses is needed. We conducted a systematic review and critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) to critically examine how the policy and scholarly literature conceptualises migrants' interactions with and experiences of the Australian health system. Guided by PRISMA, we searched for literature without imposing any limits. We also searched key State and Federal Government websites for relevant policy documents. Our initially broad inclusion criteria became refined as the CIS progressed. We prioritised the likely relevance and theoretical contribution of the papers to our inquiry over methodological quality. The CIS of 104 papers revealed that the Australian scholarly literature and policy documents consistently homogenise and reduce migrants according to an assumed, (1) cultural identity, (2) linguistic affiliation, and/or (3) broad geographic origin. Based on these three critiques and drawing on the theoretical literature, we propose a synthesising argument on how the Australian literature could better conceptualise migrants' experiences of the Australian health system. We contend that both research and policy should explicitly recognise and engage with the multifaceted and shifting ways that migrants define themselves, generally, and during their encounters with destination country health systems. Engagement with this notion is necessary for also understanding how aspects of migrants' identities are dynamically co-constructed during their interactions with the health system. These understandings have implications for improving the design and implementation of policies and programs directed at improving the responsiveness of Australia's health system to the needs and expectations of migrant communities specifically, and destination countries broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Biological citizenship through litigation: Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone and the suit to redefine corruption.
- Author
-
Boateng, Oheneba Agyenim
- Subjects
EBOLA virus disease prevention ,HEALTH policy ,AUDITING ,LAWYERS ,EBOLA virus disease ,PUBLIC health administration ,HUMAN rights ,PRACTICAL politics ,SOCIAL justice ,MEDICAL care ,FRAUD ,TREATMENT delay (Medicine) ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,NEGLIGENCE ,COURTS ,RESEARCH funding ,LEGAL procedure ,POLICY sciences ,DEATH ,CITIZENSHIP ,SOCIAL responsibility ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
This paper examines how Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone are enacting biological citizenship to effect responsive and accountable engagement with their government. Disaster survivors are often left without avenues to hold policymakers accountable, but, recently, injured or disabled people have taken legal action against their governments over issues such as negligence, delays, damaged property, and death. However, in Sierra Leone, members of the Ebola survivors' association have sued the government at the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice over a less conventional issue: corruption. After audit reports uncovered instances of financial impropriety that compromised the country's response to the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak, two plaintiffs sued the government with the argument that corruption and the failure of the government to hold the culprits accountable constitute abuses of the rights to life and health of those affected by the disaster, and the entire population. Based on this case, the paper argues that the lawsuit is an attempt to redefine corruption as a health hazard and a human rights violation. This challenges authorities to give serious attention to how financial improprieties affect the ability of state agencies to guarantee equitable, dignified healthcare, and to take the post-disaster rehabilitation of survivors as a critical component of reconstruction programmes. Ultimately, the lawsuit might set a precedent for other disaster survivors to demand equitable and dignified access to health and proper rehabilitation. This paper draws on scholarly literature, official documents, and conversations with some of the survivors and their lawyer to make this argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Books Received.
- Subjects
BOOKS ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
A list of the books that were received for review in the "Journal of Health Politics" is presented which includes "Birth in the Age in AIDS: Women, Reproduction, and HIV/AIDS in India," by Cecilia Van Hollen, "Patient Care and Professionalism," edited by Catherine D. DeAngelis, and "Heartland Tobacco War," by Michael S. Givel and Andrew L. Spivak.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Solidarity and collectivism in the context of COVID-19.
- Author
-
Flynn, Angela V
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,PRACTICAL politics ,SOCIAL theory ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,MEDICAL care ,INDIVIDUALITY ,SOCIAL cohesion ,HEALTH behavior ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,SOCIAL skills ,SOCIAL attitudes ,STAY-at-home orders ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SOCIAL responsibility - Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has impacted health care, economies and societies in ways that are still being measured across the world. To control the spread of the virus, governments continue to appeal to citizens to alter their behaviours and act in the interests of the collective public good so as to protect the vulnerable. Demonstrations of collective solidarity are being consistently sought to control the spread of the virus. Catchphrases, soundbites and hashtags such as 'we're all in this together', 'stronger together' and other messages of unity are employed, invoking the sense of a collective struggle. However, this approach is fundamentally challenged as collectivist attitudes run contrary to the individualism of neoliberal ideology, to which citizens have been subjected. This paper argues that attempting to employ the concept of solidarity is inherently challenged by the deep impact of neoliberalism in health policies and draws on the work of Durkheim to examine the concept in a context in which health care has become established as an individual responsibility. The paper will argue that a dominant private-responsibility model and an underfunded public system have eroded solidarity weakening its effectiveness in generating concerns for the collective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology Researchers Update Current Data on Artificial Intelligence (Strategic integration of artificial intelligence in public health: Policy recommendations for improved healthcare delivery).
- Subjects
INFORMATION technology ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MEDICAL care ,RESEARCH personnel ,TECHNICAL institutes ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
A recent report from researchers at the Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health and its potential impact on healthcare delivery. The paper provides an analysis of the historical development and current trends in AI application in healthcare, highlighting successful implementations and ongoing challenges. The research emphasizes the benefits of AI in improving precision in diagnosis, treatment effectiveness, and resource utilization. The report aims to provide policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and researchers with practical suggestions for incorporating AI into public health to improve healthcare delivery. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
47. Strengthening health system leadership for better governance: what does it take?
- Author
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Gilson, Lucy and Agyepong, Irene Akua
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,PUBLIC health ,HEALTH education ,HEALTH promotion ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
This editorial provides an overview of the six papers included in this special supplement on health leadership in Africa. Together the papers provide evidence of leadership in public hospital settings and of initiatives to strengthen leadership development. On the one hand, they demonstrate both that current leadership practices often impact negatively on staff motivation and patient care, and that contextual factors underpin poor leadership. On the other hand, they provide some evidence of the positive potential of new forms of participatory leadership, together with ideas about what forms of leadership development intervention can nurture new forms of leadership. Finally, the papers prompt reflection on the research needed to support the implementation of such interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Precision Medicine for Whom? Public Health Outputs from "Genomics England" and "All of Us" to Make Up for Upstream and Downstream Exclusion.
- Author
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Galasso, Ilaria
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *EQUALITY , *INDIVIDUALIZED medicine , *PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL care , *RIGHT to health , *GENOMICS , *SOCIAL integration - Abstract
This paper problematizes the precision medicine approach embraced by the All of Us Research Program (US) and by Genomics England (UK) in terms of benefits distribution, by arguing that current "diversity and inclusion" efforts do not prevent exclusiveness, unless the framing and scope of the projects are revisited in public health terms. Grounded on document analysis and fieldwork interviews, this paper analyzes efforts to address potential patterns of exclusion upstream (from participating in precision medicine research) and downstream (from benefitting from precision medicine outputs). It argues that efforts for inclusion upstream are not corresponded downstream, and this unbalance jeopardizes the equitable capacities of the projects. It concludes that enhanced focus on socio-environmental determinants of health and aligned public health interventions as precision medicine outputs would be to the benefit of all and especially of those who are most at risk of (upstream as well as downstream) exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Measuring fundamental care using complexity science: A descriptive case study of a methodological innovation.
- Author
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Conroy, Tiffany, Pinero de Plaza, Maria Alejandra, Mudd, Alexandra, Mitchell, Merle, and Kitson, Alison
- Subjects
NURSING audit ,MEDICAL quality control ,HEALTH policy ,PROFESSIONAL standards ,PATIENT participation ,LEADERSHIP ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENT-centered care ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,NURSE-patient relationships ,QUALITY assurance ,RESEARCH funding ,NEEDS assessment ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,HEALTH care rationing ,CORPORATE culture - Abstract
Aims and objectives: This paper presents an exploratory account of an innovative methodology to record and evaluate fundamental care. Fundamental care is defined as the care required by everyone for survival, health and welfare. Background: Fundamental care has been informed by the development and testing of the Fundamentals of Care Framework, which describes how fundamental care is complex and multidimensional, and consists of three interrelated dimensions and 38 elements. This accords with a broader re‐examination of care provision as part of a complex adaptive system in which existing linear models of cause and effect are inadequate to describe the totality of activity. Design: Informed by graph theory and complexity science, this paper presents a novel methodological innovation. It uses the Fundamentals of Care Framework to create a Matrix to quantify the relationships between different elements within the Framework. Methods: We use a Matrix methodology to process care recipient narratives to generate three outputs: a heat map, a summary table and a network analysis. Conclusions: The three outputs serve to quantify and evaluate fundamental care in a multidimensional manner. They capture different perspectives (care recipients and their families, direct care providers and care managers) to improve care outcomes. The future aim is to advance this exploration into digitalising and operationalising the Matrix in a user‐friendly manner for it to become a real‐time mechanism to evaluate and potentially predict patterns of fundamental care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The New White Paper: Actions will Speak Louder than Words.
- Author
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Klee, Deborah
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL care ,PUBLIC health ,SOCIAL change - Abstract
The new White Paper on out-of-hospital and adult social care seems destined to bring new opportunities and challenges - or are they new? Reflection on policy since the Griffiths Report of 1988 suggests that they may have been with us for some time. Services that are person-centred, allow more choice and control, are community-based and are provided by a wider range of providers, including the independent sector, are ever-present themes. How will the apparent barriers to implementation be overcome this time? Actions will speak louder than words in bringing about lasting change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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