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Copyright of Journal of European Social Policy is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Maritime History is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an argumentation regarding the impact of the similarities of key features of the British and Canadian markets on the latter's experience on cable systems. It states that the cultural and employment implications of the financial success of cable in Great Britain depends on its responsibility in bringing the U.S. programming in the country. It also explores the discouraging prospects for pay-television (TV) as its size mitigates against the proliferation of pay channels.

Within science and technology studies, there is an established tradition of examining publics' knowledge of, trust in, access to and engagement with science, but less attention has been paid to whether and why publics identify with science. While this is understandable given the field's interest in bridging gaps between publics and producers of scientific knowledge, it leaves unanswered questions about how science forms part of people's worldviews and fits into cultural politics and conflict. Based on 123 interviews and 16 focus groups with mixed religious and nonreligious publics and scientists in the United Kingdom and Canada, this article utilises approaches from the sociology of (non)religion to delineate varieties of science identification. It maps out 'practical', 'norm-based', 'civilisational' and 'existential' identifications and explores how these interrelate with people's social characteristics. The article illustrates how science identification is typically dependent on a constellation of cultural/political influences rather than just emerging out of interest in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of 20 South Asian women experiencing domestic violence in the United States. The results explore the patterns of abuse as well as the factors and circumstances (i.e. turning points) that motivated South Asian women to change in the context of the stage that they were in as per the Landenburger model (binding, enduring, disengaging, and recovery). The four themes that emerged from the interviews and analysis are (1) 'Timing and Frequency of abuse', (2) 'Methods of control – financial, isolation and suspicion', (3) 'Cycle of Abuse', and (4)' Turning Points – motivation to change'. Implications for practice and policy-level changes for abused South Asian women in the United States are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article disaggregates high- and low-status care work across eight liberal welfare regimes: Australia, Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Using Luxembourg Income Study data, descriptive and multivariate analyses provide support for a 'migrant in the market' model of employment, notwithstanding variation across countries. The data demonstrate a wage penalty in both high- and low-status care employment in several liberal welfare regimes, with the latter (service jobs in health, education and social work) more likely to be part-time and situated in the private sector. Migrant care workers are found to work disproportionately in low-status, low-wage types of care and, in some cases, to incur additional wage penalties compared to native-born care workers with equivalent human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers points of convergence and divergence in English-language publications in the sociology of professions. While research on professions in the US, UK, Canada and Western Europe shares many similarities, UK researchers have devoted more attention to professional regulation, while their US counterparts focus instead on organizational challenges facing professionals. Contrasting these empirical and theoretical approaches opens up new research directions, and highlights the importance of socio-historical and cultural context to professions. More international and comparative work is required to develop a better understanding of professions and professional regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Disability scholars and activists argue that ‘care’ is a complex form of oppression and reject it as a term and concept. I explore the possibility of salvaging care from its oppressive medical and charitable legacies through a discussion of personal assistance. While not arguing for a return to terming personal assistance ‘care’, I argue care can be made accessible in policies and discussions of attendant services and in more general discussions related to care. Like the built environment, care requires ‘retrofitting’ as in updating existing structures to fully include disability perspectives. This requires redefining care as a complex tension. Accessibility also evokes the sense of ‘at hand’; keeping care at hand in policy discussions allows us to consider transformative feminist conceptualizations of care and captures intricate relationships between attendants and disabled people, including people with intellectual disabilities. Most importantly, accessible versions of care always acknowledge the oppressive legacies and coercive potentials of care. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the specifications of education and credentials of information technology (IT) workers. According to human capital theory, there is a close relationship between education, skills and the success of the labor market. However, other theorists hold that educational credentials may limit access to good jobs, and prevents passage to jobs where skills are learned. In countries such as Canada and Great Britain, IT groups have sought to have government legislation recognize job credentials in order to pursue social closure. It is concluded that in the case of IT, educational credentials are significant, not because of the skills and knowledge, but because they show an ability and willingness to learn.

This article considers how we are to understand democratic media activism, which has recently burgeoned in Canada, the UK and the USA. What is its political significance and potential? Is it a new social movement, a new style of politics cutting across movements, or are new concepts needed? Drawing illustratively upon interviews with media activists, notably in Vancouver, we explore insights offered by social movement theory - including resource mobilization formulations and the new social movement theories of Melucci, Habermas, Cohen and Arato, and Fraser. While all these traditions offer valuable insights, media activism reveals limitations in existing conceptualizations. It has some of the characteristics of a movement, but lacks a distinct collective identity or niche within movement ecology. It may be destined to be a boundary-transgressing nodal point for other movements, articulating a coherent project for radical democracy, rather than a movement-for-itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guidelines for the assessment of learners with English as an Additional Language (EAL) in Great Britain maintain the importance of teacher assessment as a component in the reporting process. In the British context, the national arrangement for the assessment of EAL learners is based on a combination of National Curriculum descriptors developed for mother tongue speakers together with supplementary descriptors in A language in common and a wide range of EAL descriptors generated by local education authorities and schools. In contrast, countries such as Australia, the U.S. and Canada have developed assessment frameworks specifically for use with EAL learners, both within specialized language programs and in mainstream education. In this article the authors explore how an analysis of EAL assessment can be enriched through international perspectives embedded in policy documents. This review is based on a critical evaluation undertaken for an ongoing research project funded by the National Association for Language Development in the Curriculum and the Paul Hamlyn Foundation. The project aims to provide comparative data on assessment systems which would be informative in the British context and evaluates six assessment frameworks.

The article focuses on the changing relationship between politicians and television, emphasizing on the prime ministers of Australia, Canada and Great Britain. The author looks into the connection between politics and television, particularly in the formation of political structures and electoral strategies. He also looks into the influence of television on political processes in the three countries.

The article presents information on the objectives of the "Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine." People in the U.S., Canada and Great Britain have benefited from the resurgence of interest in health care reform. The journal's objectives are important to implementing change in the health care system.