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Presents proceedings of the Third International Agricultural Aviation Congress in Arnhem, Netherlands, March 15-18, 1966. Number of delegates who attended; Paper on agricultural aviation discussed at the congress; Other scientific papers on discussed.

This article focuses on the inaugural conference of the International Peace Research Association (IPRA) held at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands in July 1965. There were participants from 23 countries representing 19 disciplines. 19 papers were read. The Polemological Institute of the University of Groningen was host to the conference. In addition to sessions for presentation of papers, two business meetings were held. The first was the opening session of the conference, at which secretary-general B.V.A. Roling presided over the election of a conference committee and reviewed the history of IPRA, going back to the meeting in 1963 at Clarens, Switzerland, of scholars of the East and the West concerned with peace research which gave rise to the committee, Conferences on Research on International Peace and Security.

Copyright of Demography (Springer Nature) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper summarizes the findings of several investigations in the Netherlands of factors related to the adoption of improved farm practices and the general progressiveness of farmers. In many respects, the socio-economic characteristics differentiating more and less progressive farmers are the same as in the United States. The education of the farmer and his membership in farm organizations and cooperatives were related to his progressiveness even when other factors were held constant. The farmer's general style of living was also so related. It appears that the progressive farmer in the Netherlands not only quickly adopts modern farm practices, but that in many respects he is also a more "modern" type of individual. The hypothesis is stated that his frame of reference is better adapted to present circumstances than that of the less progressive farmer, whose frame of reference is more or less out of date, and that the backward farmer has feelings of inferiority, suspicion, and distrust which prevent him from adopting a more functional frame of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the paper presented by Dr. Pahl zu on social conditions in the Netherlands. With admirable clarity, displaying an extensive knowledge of the relevant literature, he has demonstrated that the traditional concept of the rural-urban continuum is more an obstacle than a help in the work. Of course, this conclusion as such is not new, as Dr. Pahl himself has shown in his review of recent literature. Any sociologist who has used the concept in his work, has come sooner or later to the finding that one or more elements did not fit in the construct. Whatever the criteria chosen for characterization may be, there is always the case to be found of an urban group behaving 'rural' and of a rural group being 'urban', or, worst of all, one finds rural and urban characteristics within one group or individual. With the description of the situation in 'urban villages' and with the examples taken from studies made in the developing countries, in which all sorts of discontinuities between the urban and the rural come into the view, Dr. Pahl has found strong support for his statements. It is clear that a typology of settlements, from the small to the large, can never form the basis for a continuum which classifies social structures.

The article presents information on the Proceedings of the Second World Congress for Rural Sociology, which was held in August, 1968 in Enschede/Drienerlo, the Netherlands.

The article provides information on the International Town-Planning Congress organized from July 2-9, 1924 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The congress was arranged by the International Garden Cities and Town Planning Federation. Over 600 members attended the congress representing countries from all over the world. The volume of reports and papers is not only of good quality, but also included an increasing range of vision and promise. From drainage to open spaces and nature reserves and from transport to satellite towns, each paper was treated in a comprehensive regional fashion. Also the contributions were presented in Associated Exhibition of Plans, held in the city's galleries, which vividly illustrated the growing advance of large-scale treatments. One of the most important aspects that emerged at the congress was economic vision, as it was no longer in the terms of the "price-system" which has so long suffocated economic thought, but on the lines of "life-system," whereby economics can alone attain deliverance and renew progress.

In this paper the effect of a fulvic acid fraction on the growth of a Pseudomonas sp. from fresh water is reported. The presence of fulvic acid in the culture medium caused an increase in the cell yield and in the cell yield per μl O2 taken up by the Pseudomonas. The observed stimulating effect has been explained in terms of co-metabolism of fulvic acid by the Pseudomonas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper will be an analysis of Dutch social structure, particularly in one of its key dimensions: the overall importance of religious institutions and ideologies. It will be argued that, in contradistinction to developments in most other comparable industrial societies, religious institutions and ideologies occupy a central place in the social structure of the Netherlands. Dutch social structure, is best characterized in terms of vertical columnization or vertical pluralism called verzuiling--which does not have a direct English equivalent. Pluralistic societies elsewhere are usually characterized by linguistic, racial and political lines of division in addition to those of religious ideology. Religious distinctions result in a division of institutions and activities into Catholic, Protestant and humanistic/neutral columns of social organization. Perhaps, however, the most striking evidence of non-differentiation of religious influence can be seen in the field of labor relations and politics.

This paper presents some empirical evidence, for Belgium, the Netherlands and France, on the so-called 'administrative inflation' hypothesis. The hypothesis might be defined as saying that price increases are higher in more concentrated industries, given positive changes in demand and costs. Empirically speaking, it implies that, for a cross-section of industries, wholesale-price changes are a positive function of concentration ratios, for given increases in demand and unit costs. Although any relevant evidence would be an interesting contribution to the present discussion about the Common Market's antitrust policy, the hypothesis has never been confronted-to my knowledge-with data from European Economic Community (E.E.C.) countries. The evidence presented in this paper is limited to the 1958-65 period, because of the difficulty in collecting comparable data form earlier years. As we were more familiar with Belgian data, Belgium was selected as a test case to detetmine the most appropriate empirical specification of the hypothesis. A few changes in Weiss's approach proved to be beneficial and are discussed in section it together with the data and results obtained for Belgium. In section III, results for the Netherlands are compared with the Belgian evidence on the basis of an analysis of covariance. Section IV introduces France while the last section draws some conclusions as to the validity of the hypothesis in a European framework.

This paper examines the impacts of laws and property right assignments on the organization of economic activity in the Netherlands. Nonexclusivity in consumption threatens the familiar free rider problem that discourages the production of public goods in optimal amounts. State, commercial, and pay broadcasting are organizational forms that derive from differences in the structure of property rights and the cost of transacting in markets. A closer look at Dutch broadcasting clubs provides support for the relevance of the by-product theory. By law, the production of a programming guide is the exclusive right of such clubs. This suggests that the monopoly element in exclusive production rights to programming guides protects broadcasters from nonclub suppliers only and does little to suggest why more than one club should share two-thirds of all listener-viewer households. Since membership size produces revenues beyond club dues, there is some incentive for clubs to subsidize subscription purchases. Employers and employees are prohibited by law from unilaterally terminating an employment contract without the express permission of the relevant district director of labor affairs. Because of this law, use of the market, via hirings and layoffs, as a means of varying its utilization of labor resources entails a special cost to the firm. Another, if somewhat novel, substitution away from unilateral employment termination is investment by firms in job search on behalf of their workers.

The article presents information on microfiche, a piece of flat transparent film for reproducing pages or documents in microform. In a normal size print the title of the piece appears at the top of the long side of the sheet. The microfiche is made by means of an automatic step camera developed in The Netherlands by J. Goebel. The microfiche is made by means of an automatic step camera developed in the Netherlands by J. Goebel. This step camera can reduce up to twenty-five times. The book, or other text to be reproduced, is placed on the bookholder above which there is a glass plate.

This paper is an attempt to relate the broad theory of the demographic transition to the specific population history of one country, insofar as this can be ascertained from incomplete and faulty data. Four conclusions are drawn: (1) The population of the area presently defined as the Netherlands has undergone a large more or less continuous increase since the beginning of the modern era. (2) Net migration probably had little effect on population growth. (3) The decline in mortality was not sufficient before the last decades of the 19th century to account for the increase in numbers. (4) There was a rise in fertility, following the breakdown of institutional and moral inhibitions to procreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author adds some further empirical tests of his theory of income distribution. This theory (cf. this Review, Series 16, Number 3, September 1970, p. 221 ff) sees income distribution as the distribution of prices of production factors, especially labour, of different quality and prices as the effect of demand and supply factors. The quality of labour is represented only by the number of years of schooling. Its supply is described by the actual numbers of people having each of the possible years of schooling; this frequency distribution can be characterized by its average and by some measure of its dispersion or by one of its deciles (in particular the highest) expressed in terms of its median. The demand for the various qualities of labour can be supposed to be reflected by (i) total demand for commodities, but (ii) more accurately by the percentage of third-level educated people used in and weighted by the size of the four main sectors of production: agriculture, manufacturing, trade and transport, and other services. Extensive material collected and reworked by Professors B. R. Chiswick for the U.S.A. and Canada and T. P. Schultz and L. S. Burns with H. E. Frech III for the Netherlands is used in cross-section tests to explain variations in income distribution in the states of the U.S.A. and the provinces of Canada and the Netherlands. The results can be found in the tables. While further increase and smaller dispersion in years of schooling, according to some of the findings presented, would only moderately reduce the degree of inequality in the U.S.A. and Canada, more result seems to possible according to other findings, including those for the Netherlands. In the latter category the second demand index mentioned above has been used. This paper is one of several devoted in various ways to the testing of the same theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia Ruralis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the extremely high birth rate of Roman Catholics in the Netherlands, a rate which is considerably higher than that of Catholics in other countries living under similar circumstances. The fertility of Catholics living on either side of the Dutch-Belgian and Dutch-German frontier was analysed and the same analysis was applied to Protestant frontier districts. One of the important factors making for high fertility proved to be the religious élan of the Catholics, which derived from their position as a strong minority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Sociological Association held its Third World Congress of Sociology in Amsterdam from August 22 to 29, 1956. There were 524 sociologists present from 54 countries, making this the largest international gathering of sociologists ever held. The general topic was "Problems of Social Change in the Twentieth Century." Special sessions were organized in the fields of economic organization, social stratification, the family, and education. In addition, there were meetings on sociological theory and research, and the teaching of sociology. The papers presented were published in seven volumes in advance of the Congress so that no papers were read, the time being given to discussion. A final supplementary volume containing summaries of the discussions has just been published. UNESCO, the Netherlands government, the city of Amsterdam, and the Ford Foundation all contributed to the success of the Congress by their generosity. The opening session was addressed by representatives of the Netherlands government and the city of Amsterdam and by the Director-General of UNESCO, Luther Evans.

This article presents reports and documents on money and banking. Andrew MacFarland Davis has added a supplement to the origin of the national banking system. The proceedings of the international conference on bills of exchange, held at the Hague, Netherlands during June 28 to July 15, 1910, have been published as a government document. This includes the report of the American delegate, Charles A. Conant, a summary of the discussions at the several sessions and the papers submitted by the several delegations, several of which deal with the history of the law of exchange. In I 909 Massachusetts passed an act authorizing the establishment of credit unions, the first law enacted in the United States for this purpose. In order to encourage the formation of such associations the Bank Commissioner has issued a pamphlet Credit Unions in which there is a brief statement of the history and principles of foreign credit associations. Other recent publications of the National Monetary Commission are "The Bank of issue in Italy," by Tito Canovai, general secretary of the Bank of Italy, with an article by Professor Ferraris and Banking in Russia, Austro-Hungary, the Netherlands and Japan.

This article reports that the European Society for Dermatological Research and the Society for Investigative Dermatology will hold their second joint meeting in the RAI Congrescentrum in Amsterdam, Netherlands during June 9-13, 1975. Attendance at the scientific sessions will be open to all members, contributors and guests. Non-members who wish to present a paper are kindly requested to submit an abstract. They will be invited to attend the meeting as either contributors or guests.

The article presents a profile of the researchers who contributed their research papers in the September 1970 issue of the journal "Sociologia Neerlandica." Some of the researchers whose articles are published in this issue are: Jan Berting, Henry George Surie, Osmund Shreuder, A.D. Nooy, Johan Willem Schoorl and Philippe Cornelis Stouthard. Jan Berting, who contributed the second paper in this issue, graduated in political and social science from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1959 and obtained his doctorate from that university in 1968 for a dissertation in sociology. His special interests are social inequality, the sociology of work; particularly work satisfaction and motivation, and sociological theory. Another researcher, Henry George Surie graduated in sociology and geography from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1967. His special interests include the sociology and the modern history of South-East Asia, on which subject he is at present writing his doctoral dissertation.

Presents a reply on the comments regarding planning in the Netherlands. Clarification of the geographical location of Amsterdam; Defense for the incorrect spellings in the article; Truth in the statement that Port of Rotterdam is much larger than Amsterdam.

Reports on the joint meeting organized by the Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Purpose of the meeting to present original dermatological research papers; Selection of the program by a joint program committee of the sponsoring societies; Submission of all program proposals on official forms.

This article focuses on the Seventh International Congress of Accountants held in Amsterdam, Holland. The program of this event, which is held every five years, was filled with interesting and unusual features. The Dutch people extended their traditional hospitality to all the visitors at the Congress and brief introductions soon ripened into friendships. The Congress was attended by about 2,850 delegates and visitors coming from 40 countries and representing 140 different accounting organizations. Thirty-one formal papers were presented by experts from 13 countries. Eight additional countries were represented on the panels. Four official languages were used: English, Dutch, French, and German. The 31 formal papers had been written months ahead of the Congress, translated into the four languages mentioned above, then printed and mailed to each delegate last June. The authors did not read their speeches at the meeting. The 31 authors, plus several more delegates, were divided into six panels of about twelve to fifteen men each. The six panels, meeting at varying times during the week, discussed the following subjects: Principles for the Accountants' Profession, Verification of the Existence of Assets, Budgeting and the Corresponding Modernization of Accounting, The Internal Auditor and the Internal Audit Function, Business Organization and the Public Accountant Ascertainment of Profit in Business

The railway bridge at Dordrecht (Holland) can be raised to let big ships pass through. This takes place according to a fixed daily time schedule derived from the railway timetable. The waiting times of the ships depend on the number and the duration of these openings, the headway of the unraised bridge (changing on account of tidal effects), and the traffic supply. In this paper the dependence of the waiting times on the above-mentioned factors is quantified by means of a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the development education in the Dutch churches. A group that includes Dr. Harry M. de Lange and Professor Dr. Hans Linnemann though of ways to mobilize the church to promote worldwide justice after the 1966 conference on Church and Society in Geneva, Switzerland. The Working Group was behind a paper that appraised political parties in Netherlands during the 1971 general parliamentary elections. The group focuses on individuals rather than the whole church to succeed.

The section of "Industrial Applications of Textiles" focuses on several applications of textile fibers. It is mentioned that nonwoven polyester fabric can be used for making temporary roads. Bidium is a polyester fabric, which can be used to form a road over a muddy site. It is stated that large quantities of textile fabrics are used to prevent the erosion of the beds of water channels in the Netherlands. It is mentioned that textiles can also be used for providing insulation against noise. A patent describes that bonded mineral fibres can be used for thermal insulation.

The article focuses on the development of the well defined branch of medical science, Dermatology, in Netherlands. According to the author, it was developed by a group of pioneers in the second half of the nineteenth century wherein most doctors are not willing to devote their full energy in the study of skin diseases as the subject is very rare. The development was followed by a trend to medical specialization and was recognized as an important specialty in the early twenties of the century.

Investigates Dutch investment in France from 1781-1787. Developments identified by a survey of the financial history of the country; Economic impact of growing war and post-war expenses; Credit worthiness of the monarchy during the 18th-century.

The article presents information about the papers that appeared in the January 2, 1962 issue of the journal "Social Compass." In every national and cultural situation, the relationship between sociology and religion is, in one way or another, of primary importance, the interaction between religion and society assumes, in social living its peculiar and specific forms of expression. The authors from the U.S., England, West Germany and Holland who have collaborated in the present issue of the journal "Social Compass," consider principally the way in which religious and philosophical values take shape in society. Considering the countries that they come from, it is not surprising that these sociologists lay particular stress on the influence that Catholic and Protestant confessions and denominations have on social life. It is in Dutch studies in the sociology of religion especially that the vertical pluralism that conforms to religious and ecclesiastical lines of demarcation, has been subjected to closest analysis.

In recent years various studies of a religio-sociological nature have supplied numerous data relating to the catholic and protestant diaspora. These data have not yet been integrated in general sociological systems. Influenced especially by German organisations which have concerned themselves with the dispora since the last century, a specific knowledge of the diaspora has been evolving, but this is dominated by the theological element. For the interest in protestant circles see the periodical "Die Evangelische Diaspora" appearing since 1919, and the chair established at Leipzig University in 1934 to study diaspora problems. On the catholic side there may be mentioned the Johann Adam Möhler Institut für Konfessions- und Diasporakunde, at Paderborn, which collaborates closely with the St. Bonifatiusverein. The Catholic Institute for Social-Ecclesiastical Research in the Netherlands and the Catholic Centre for Social Research at Königstein/Ts, Germany, have made various religiographic studies in recent years on the catholic diaspora in the Netherlands, Germany and Scandinavia. In the U.S.A., important works have appeared on relations between catholics and protestants (among others by Will Herberg, J. Kane et al.), which show interesting analogies with European studies. Reviewing progress of the still fairly heterogenous socio-scientific study of diaspora phenomena, the question is raised of the possibility of integrating the facts described in a theoretical system. The theoretical work by R. K. Merton, regarding his system of functional analysis, can be examined to see if it can serve as a theoretical framework for studying the diaspora. As regards Merton's question of observability reference is made to the special difficulty in this respect inherent in the diaspora. Although, sociologically, the study can be confined to parishioners known as such, the question arises whether the diaspora with its geographically widespread parishes does not especially require non-parochially integrated baptised catholics to be included theoretically in the diaspora structure. In the Province of Friesland in the Netherlands, in parishes with 300-800 parishioners there were found to be 100 or more baptised not parochially registered. A complicated question, too, is that of the existence and meaning of personal attitudes to the diaspora. The dilemma is given between social absorption in the over-all environment and the creation of an individual environment. For the forming of the faithful in the diaspora the choice will depend largely upon the value attributable to the religious content of the over-all environment. It would also seem to be profitable to apply the concepts "functional" and "dysfunctional" to the diaspora. Positive functions rest in the Churches' Oecumenical consciousness. In the individual Church the diaspora may act as the territory pre-eminently suitable for pastoral experiments and for activating help to fellow-believers. But the diaspora may also have a dysfunctional effect relatively to the Oecumenical idea: for considerations of security the position of the majority church may be painted too darkly. Besides, isolation may be so great that the approach is sought solely for the sake of approach without sufficient care to the fundamental theological aspects. For analysis of the diaspora phenomenon, Merton's concept of functional requirements is also profitable. The diaspora demands special intensification of contacts, particularly with the "other Christians", puts great emphasis upon moulding of the personality and of the group. Important, too, are special organisational arrangements in the light of the social mechanisms indicated by Merton. One may recall in this connection the recent formation of the diaspora diocese of Groningen in the Netherlands. The extent of the diaspora parishes also calls forth the question of establishing auxiliary churches. The family becomes especially important to religious training (catechism), and so does a weekly periodical where the extent of the group precludes their having their own daily paper. Finally, attention is drawn to the limits of action of the diaspora system: these limits form the structural context. Possibilities in the diaspora are limited as regards facilities for education, medical care, cultural contact, etc. Economic factors may encourage mixed marriages to an exceptional degree in the diaspora. Positive action by the clergy is possible in all these respects only with the assistance of bodies and organisations outside the diaspora. The application of functional analysis can be expected to deepen insight into the phenomena of the diaspora and to help to make investigation of the very complicated diaspora situations in Northern Europe, both catholic and protestant, more effective for the study of the pastoral methods required in varied ways in the diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the success of the Perskantoor Van Het Algemeen Nederlandsch Verbond, an international protest movement in Dordrecht, Netherlands during the Anglo-Boer War from 1899-1902. It discusses how South African Republic Ambassador doctor W. J. Leyds organized the propaganda in early middle November 1899 with the help of grammar school teacher H. J. Kiewiet de Jonge. It says that Kiewiet and Leyds have consigned the German edition, "Ein Jahrhundert voller Unrecht" to the wholesale merchant Eiffe from Hamburg, Germany. Furthermore, the Perskantoor has not only published and distributed informative pamphlets internationally but also provided pro-Boer groups in Germany, England and France with brochures for further use.

A basic assumption of the Cornell Mobility Model insofar as it is relevant to inter-community migration is that an individual's propensity to move is a function of, among other things, his length of residence in the community. Parameters of the functional relationship of migration probabilities to duration status are estimated from migration histories for a sample of residents in Monterrey, Mexico, and compared with estimates reported by P. A. Morrison using data from Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In both data sets a negative nonlinear relation of the probability of migrating to duration status, as well as an interaction between age and duration status, is found. Values of parameters describing the relation within age groups differ sufficiently between the two data sets, however, to suggest that further specification of conditions under which a particular form of functional relation will obtain is necessary if the model is to be useful in migration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information related to several articles on economics. Relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in Canada; Input-output volume and value predictions for the Netherlands from 1948-1958; Relationship between aggregate consumption to wealth.