17 results
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2. Loans for Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Research Paper. Number 20
- Author
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
- Abstract
This report reviews the use of loans for learning in 33 European countries and analyses the schemes in eight selected Member States: France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Finland, Sweden and the UK. The analysis shows that loan schemes vary considerably across Europe in terms of types and levels of learning covered, conditions of access, repayment and governance. Some loans aim to increase participation in learning in general, while others are designed to promote equity. The report attempts to assess the selected loans and discusses their strengths and weaknesses and determinants of performance, while considering if a given scheme operates on a large scale or targets niche groups. The evaluation results provide a basis for identifying good practice principles for designing and implementing loans. Policy recommendations are formulated based on these findings. Annexed are: (1) Methodology; (2) Key terms and definitions; (3) Information on countries/schemes selected for in-depth analysis; (4) Proposed typologies of VET loan schemes; (5) Tables and figures; (6) Tosmana truth tables; (7) Questionnaires; (8) Basic characteristics of non-European loan schemes. (Contains 37 tables, 5 figures, 20 boxes and 33 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
3. Evaluating Eco-Innovation of OECD Countries with Data Envelopment Analysis
- Author
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Mavi, Reza Kiani and Standing, Craig
- Abstract
Government regulations require businesses to improve their processes and products/services in a green and sustainable manner. For being environmentally friendly, businesses should invest more on eco-innovation practices. Firms eco-innovate to promote eco-efficiency and sustainability. This paper evaluates the eco-innovation performance of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries with data envelopment analysis (DEA). Data were gathered from the world bank database and global innovation index report. Findings show that for most OECD countries, energy use and ecological sustainability are more important than other inputs and outputs for enhancing eco-innovation. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]
- Published
- 2016
4. Resource allocation in public sector programmes: does the value of a life differ between governmental departments?
- Author
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Cubi-Molla, Patricia, Mott, David, Henderson, Nadine, Zamora, Bernarda, Grobler, Mendel, and Garau, Martina
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LOCAL government -- Societies, etc. ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,SOCIAL values ,MEDICAL care costs ,PUBLIC health ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,RESOURCE allocation ,PUBLIC sector ,QUALITY of life ,DECISION making ,RESEARCH funding ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
Background: The value of a life is regularly monetised by government departments for informing resource allocation. Guidance documents indicate how economic evaluation should be conducted, often specifying precise values for different impacts. However, we find different values of life and health are used in analyses by departments within the same government despite commonality in desired outcomes. This creates potential inconsistencies in considering trade-offs within a broader public sector spending budget. We provide evidence to better inform the political process and to raise important issues in assessing the value of public expenditure across different sectors. Methods: Our document analysis identifies thresholds, explicitly or implicitly, as observed in government-related publications in the following public sectors: health, social care, transport, and environment. We include both demand-side and supply-side thresholds, understood as societies' and governments' willingness to pay for health gains. We look at key countries that introduced formal economic evaluation processes early on and have impacted other countries' policy development: Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. We also present a framework to consider how governments allocate resources across different public services. Results: Our analysis supports that identifying and describing the Value of a Life from disparate public sector activities in a manner that facilitates comparison is theoretically meaningful. The optimal allocation of resources across sectors depends on the relative position of benefits across different attributes, weighted by the social value that society puts on them. The value of a Quality-Adjusted Life Year is generally used as a demand-side threshold by Departments of transport and environment. It exceeds those used in health, often by a large enough proportion to be a multiple thereof. Decisions made across departments are generally based on an unspecified rationing rule. Conclusions: Comparing government expenditure across different public sector departments, in terms of the value of each department outcome, is not only possible but also desirable. It is essential for an optimal resource allocation to identify the relevant social attributes and to quantify the value of these attributes for each department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Confidence in receiving medical care when seriously ill: a seven-country comparison of the impact of cost barriers.
- Author
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Wendt, Claus, Mischke, Monika, Pfeifer, Michaela, and Reibling, Nadine
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INSURANCE -- History ,HEALTH insurance reimbursement ,CONFIDENCE ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,MEDICAID ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICALLY uninsured persons ,MEDICARE ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICS ,DATA analysis ,EMPIRICAL research ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,SEVERITY of illness index ,DATA analysis software ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objective This paper examines how negative experiences with the health-care system create a lack of confidence in receiving medical care in seven countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Methods The empirical analysis is based on data from the Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey 2007, with nationally representative samples of adults aged 18 and over. For the analysis of the experience of cost barriers and confidence in receiving medical care, we conducted pairwise comparisons of group percentages as well as country-wise multivariate logistic regression models. Results Individuals who have experienced cost barriers show a significantly lower level of confidence in receiving safe and quality medical care than those who have not. This effect is most pronounced in the United States, where people who have foregone necessary treatment because of costs are four times as likely to lack confidence as individuals without the experience of cost barriers (adjusted odds ratio 4.00). In New Zealand, Germany, and Canada, individuals with the experience of cost barriers are twice as likely to report low confidence compared with those without this experience (adjusted odds ratios of 1.95, 2.19 and 2.24, respectively). In the Netherlands and UK, cost barriers are only a marginal phenomenon. Conclusions The fact that the experience of financial barriers considerably lowers confidence indicates that financial incentives, such as private co-payments, have a negative effect on overall public support and therefore on the legitimacy of health-care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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6. What the World Chemical Community Thinks about the Concept of Physical and Chemical Change?
- Author
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Palmer, W. P.
- Abstract
The concept of physical and chemical change is far from being the clearest and most self-explanatory concept in the world. If a number of chemists are asked to define physical and chemical change, there may well appear to be a fair degree of uniformity in their answers, until a few examples are suggested. When chemists are asked to place a variety of changes into the category of physical or chemical change, then differences inevitably arise. It is not difficult to demonstrate this by viewing school textbooks and articles about the topic. In spite of this, physical and chemical change is still taught in most in most secondary school courses. The problem arises from the definition and the historical layers of meaning that have grown around the concept, almost by accretion, without teachers being aware of their significance. The purpose of this paper is to describe the answers given by experienced educators to a questionnaire, which attempted to find out what the views of science educators/chemists worldwide about physical and chemical change now are. Four appendixes present: (1) List of Respondents; (2) List of Questionnaires Returned; (3) Physical and Chemical Change: An Information Sheet; and (4) Full Questionnaire: Interview Protocol or Basis for Written Response.
- Published
- 1996
7. Bibliometric Analysis of the Research on Seamless Learning
- Author
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Talan, Tarik
- Abstract
Seamless learning has a significance that has been increasing in recent years, and an increasing number of studies on the subject in the literature draws attention. This study aimed to examine the research on seamless learning between 1996 and 2020 with the bibliometric analysis method. The Scopus database was used in the collection of the data. After various screening processes, a total of 389 publications were included in the analysis. Descriptive analysis and bibliometric analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The distribution of publications by years, types of publications, sources, and languages were analyzed in the research. Additionally, visual maps were created with analyses of co-author, cocitation, and co-word. At the end of the study, it was seen that there has been an increase in the number of publications from the past to the present, articles and papers were predominant, and that most of the studies were carried out in English. As a result of bibliometric analysis, it was concluded that the most efficient countries in seamless learning were the United Kingdom, the United States, and Singapore. Also, it has been determined that the National Institute of Education, Center for International Education and Exchange, and Kyushu University institutions are dominant. The most frequently mentioned authors cited in studies in many different fields are M. Sharples, L.-H. Wong, and H. Ogata. According to the co-word analysis, the keywords seamless learning, mobile learning, ubiquitous learning, and mobile-assisted language learning stand out in the field of seamless learning.
- Published
- 2021
8. Comparison of Student Learning Outcomes Assessment Practices Used Globally
- Author
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Carter, Shani D.
- Abstract
Student learning outcomes assessment examines whether programs cover the material stated in their learning goals, whether students are learning the material, and the impact on student retention, graduation, post-graduation outcomes, and institutional accreditation, with the aim of providing faculty with data that can be used to help programs evolve or improve. While there is a plethora of research regarding effective methods of assessment used in the United States, little has been written regarding cross-national comparisons of assessment methodologies. This paper examines the current state of assessment in several nations and regions, and draws parallels in practices across countries. A literature search using the term "outcomes assessment" yielded 228 articles, of which, only 35 described practices outside the United States. Generally, searches on the terms "outcomes assessment" and "global" tend to return studies of outcomes assessment of teaching about global issues as it is practiced in the United States, rather than results about outcomes assessment practices used in other countries.
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- 2019
9. Part-Time Higher Education in Western Developed Countries.
- Author
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Tight, Malcolm
- Abstract
The paper looks at part-time higher educational services for students in the educational systems of Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A comparative examination of the nature and importance of part-time higher education is then presented. (DB)
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- 1991
10. What Are the Alternatives to Student Loans in Higher Education Funding?
- Author
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Stokes, Anthony and Wright, Sarah
- Abstract
In a period of student loan scandals and U.S. financial market instability impacting on the cost and availability of student loans, this paper looks at alternative models of higher education funding. In this context, it also considers the level of financial support that the government should provide to higher education.
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- 2010
11. Association Between Alcohol Sports Sponsorship and Consumption: A Systematic Review.
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Brown, Katherine
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ALCOHOLISM ,DRINKING behavior ,ALCOHOL drinking ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,MARKETING ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,SELF-evaluation ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ALCOHOL-induced disorders - Abstract
Aim: Concerns have been raised about the impact of alcohol sports sponsorship on harmful consumption, with some countries banning this practice or considering a ban. We review evidence on the relationship between exposure to alcohol sports sponsorship and alcohol consumption. Methods: Search of electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and International Alcohol Information Database) supplemented by hand searches of references and conference proceedings to locate studies providing data on the impact of exposure to alcohol sports sponsorship and outcomes relating to alcohol consumption. Results: Seven studies met inclusion criteria, presenting data on 12,760 participants from Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and Poland. All studies report positive associations between exposure to alcohol sports sponsorship and self-reported alcohol consumption, but the statistical significance of results varies. Two studies found indirect exposure to alcohol sports sponsorship was associated with increased levels of drinking amongst schoolchildren, and five studies found a positive association between direct alcohol sports sponsorship and hazardous drinking amongst adult sportspeople. Conclusion: These findings corroborate the results of previous systematic reviews that reported a positive association between exposure to alcohol marketing and alcohol consumption. The relationship between alcohol sports sponsorship and increased drinking amongst schoolchildren will concern policymakers. Further research into the effectiveness of restrictions on alcohol sports sponsorship in reducing harmful drinking is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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12. Working Knowledge: Productive Learning at Work. Proceedings [of the] International Conference (Sydney, Australia, December 10-13, 2000).
- Author
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Technology Univ., Sydney (Australia). and Symes, Colin
- Abstract
This conference proceedings contains 65 presentations and 3 colloquiums from a conference that dealt with knowledge at work and knowledge that works and with how education can be successfully integrated into work and work into education. The papers are "Reading the Contexts of Complex Incidents of Adult Education Practice" (Apte); "Models of Work Based Learning for Undergraduates" (Armsby et al.); "Just-in-Time Training as Anticipative Action and as Inferential Understanding" (Beckett); "Learning to Compete" (Beckett et al.); "Co-Participation at Work" (Billett); "Globalization, Work, and Education" (Boland); "Work as the Curriculum" (Boud, Solomon); "Working Towards a Curriculum Framework for Work-Related Learning" (Brown); "Evaluating Organizational Change" (Butler et al.);"New Knowledge and the Construction of Vocational Education and Training (VET) Practitioners" (Chappell); "Facing Realities" (Cornford); "Subcontractors in the Australian Construction Industry" (Crowley et al.); "Learning; Design; Practice; Practitioner Perspectives of Workplace Learning" (Cys); "Learning at the Point of Production" (Daly, Mjelde); "Teaching Online" (Dewar, Whittington); "Spirituality of Work" (Dirkx); "Learning to Work" (Eames); "A Working Ethic?" (Edwards); "Transforming Management Education's Working Knowledge" (Elliott); "Negotiating Knowledge in the Knowledge Economy" (Farrell); "Work Knowing on the Fly" (Fenwick); "Productive Learning at Work" (FitzSimons); "Teachers Redefining Professionalism and Professional Development" (Gambell, Hunter); "Modelling the Invisible" (Gamble); "The New Capitalism" (Gee); "Conceptions of Learning" (Hager); "Recognition of Prior Learning in Higher Education" (Harris); "Promoting Knowledge Sharing in a Training and Further Education Organization" (Hill); "Incentives and Barriers to Learning in the Workplace" (Hodkinson et al.); "Reflections on Empowerment, Workplace Language and Literacy Policy, and Professional Development in England" (Holland); "Enabling Productive Learning at Work" (Holland, Leggett); "Learning Through Working" (Hopkins, Maglen); "Supervisor and Facilitation" (Hughes); "Writing-Up People at Work" (Jackson); "Whiteness as a Social Construct That Drives Continuing Education" (Johnson-Bailey, Cervero); "Knowledge Workers and the Office Economy" (Kurth); "Teaching with Global Awareness" (Lekoko); "Accrediting and Assessing Learning at Work" (Lyons); "Working Knowledge and Work-Based Learning" (McIntyre); "Working Knowledge in Management and Medicine" (Mulcahy); "Workplace Learning from a Curriculum Perspective" (Munby et al.); "The 'Good' Teacher?" (Nicoll); "Professional Identity as Learning Processes in Life Histories" (Olesen); "Local Perspectives on Globalization and Learning" (Payne); "Implementing Work-Based Learning in Higher Education" (Reeve, Gallacher); "Working Knowledge, Economic Metaphors, and the 'Cogito-Economic' Subject" (Rhodes, Garrick); "Technical and Vocational Education in China" (Rongguang); "Preparing Undereducated and Unemployed Parents for the Workplace Through Effective Family Literacy Programs in Texas" (Seaman, Seaman); "Working Knowledge of Online Learning Amongst VET Practitioners" (Schofield et al.); "Working Knowledge for New Educational Landscapes" (Seddon); "Links Between Corporate and Academic Research" (Shannon, Sekhon); "Towards a Definition of Work Based Learning" (Shaw); "Relationships Between R (Research) & D (Development) and Decision-Making in VET" (Smith); "Context Variety Means Four Stories?" (Smid); "Reflecting upon Experiences" (Staley); "Ordering the Menu" (Symes); "Critical Literacy, Cultural Inclusiveness, and Text Selection in English for Academic Purposes Courses" (Thompson); "Communicative Practices in Web-Enhanced Collaborative Learning" (Treleaven et al.); "Role of Emotion in Situated Learning and Communities of Practice" (Turnbull); "Alternative Conception of Competence" (Velde); "Learning in/Through/with Struggle" (von Kotze); "More Things Change" (Wallace); "Deschooled Learning" (Whittington, McLean); "Quality Online Participation" (Wiesenberg, Hutton); and "Emergence of New Types of Communities of Practice" (Young, Mitchell). (YLB)
- Published
- 2000
13. Bureaucracy, Network, or Enterprise? Comparing Models of Governance in Australia, Britain, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.
- Author
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Considine, Mark and Lewis, Jenny M.
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BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC administration ,MIXED economy ,CIVIL service - Abstract
Theories of democratic government traditionally have relied on a model of organization in which officials act impartially, accept clear lines of accountability and supervision, and define their day-to-day activities through rules, procedures, and confined discretion. In the past 10 years, however, a serious challenge to this ideal has been mounted by critics and reformers who favor market, network, or "mixed-economy" models. We assess the extent to which these new models have influenced the work orientations of frontline staff using three alternative service types—corporate, market, and network—to that proposed by the traditional, procedural model of public bureaucracy. Using surveys of frontline officials in four countries where the revolution in ideas has been accompanied by a revolution in methods for organizing government services, we measure the degree to which the new models are operating as service-delivery norms. A new corporate-market hybrid (called "enterprise governance") and a new network type have become significant models for the organization of frontline work in public programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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14. Are National-Level Research Evaluation Models Valid, Credible, Useful, Cost-Effective, and Ethical?
- Author
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Coryn, Chris L. S. and Scriven, Michael
- Abstract
The evaluation of government-financed research has become increasingly important in the last few decades in terms of increasing the quality of, and payoff from, the research that is done, reducing the cost of doing it, and lending public credibility to the manner in which research is funded. But there are very large differences throughout the world in the extent to which systems used promote these results. This paper briefly presents the dimensional results of a study designed to comparatively evaluate the national-level research evaluation models in sixteen countries on five merit-defining dimensions. (Contains 6 figures.)
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- 2007
15. Equity of primary care service delivery for low income "sicker" adults across 10 OECD countries.
- Author
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Dahrouge, Simone, Hogg, William, Muggah, Elizabeth, and Schrecker, Ted
- Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,MEDICAL quality control ,PRIMARY health care ,SURVEYS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,PATIENT-centered care ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background: Despite significant investments to support primary care internationally, income-based inequities in access to quality health care are present in many high-income countries. This study aims to determine whether low- and middle-income groups are more likely to report poor quality of primary care (PC) than high-income groups cross-nationally. Methods: The 2011 Commonwealth Fund Telephone Survey of Sicker Adults is a cross-sectional study across eleven countries. Respondents were recruited from randomly selected households. We used data from surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We identified all questions relating to primary care performance, and categorized these into five dimensions: 1) access to care, 2) coordination 3) patient-centered care, and 4) technical quality of care. We used logistic regression with low and middle-income as the comparison groups and high-income as the referent. Results: Fourteen thousand two hundred sixty-two respondents provided income data. Countries varied considerably in their extent of income disparity. Overall, 24.7% were categorized as low- and 13.9% as high-income. The odds of reporting poor access to care were higher for low- and middle-income than high-income respondents in Canada, New Zealand and the US. Similar results were found for Sweden and Norway on coordination; the opposite trend favoring the low- and middle-income groups was found in New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States. The odds of reporting poor patient-centered care were higher for low-income than high-income respondents in the Netherlands, Norway, and the US; in Australia, this was true for low- and middle-income respondents. On technical quality of care, the odds of reporting poor care were higher for the low- and middle-income comparisons in Canada and Norway; in Germany, the odds were higher for low-income respondents only. The odds of reporting poor technical quality of care were higher for high-income than low-income respondents in the Netherlands. Conclusion: Inequities in quality PC for low and middle income groups exist on at least one dimension in all countries, including some that in theory provide universal access. More research is needed to fully understand equity in the PC sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Factors associated with multiple barriers to access to primary care: an international analysis.
- Author
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Corscadden, L., Levesque, J. F., Lewis, V., Strumpf, E., Breton, M., and Russell, G.
- Subjects
AGE distribution ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,HELP-seeking behavior ,INCOME ,MENTAL illness ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,PRIMARY health care ,SEX distribution ,SURVEYS ,WORLD health ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SECONDARY analysis ,AT-risk people - Abstract
Background: Disparities in access to primary care (PC) have been demonstrated within and between health systems. However, few studies have assessed the factors associated with multiple barriers to access occurring along the care-seeking process in different healthcare systems. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the 2016 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey of Adults, access was represented through participant responses to questions relating to access barriers either before or after reaching the PC practice in 11 countries (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Norway, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and United States). The number of respondents in each country ranged from 1000 to 7000 and the response rates ranged from 11% to 47%. We used multivariable logistic regression models within each of eleven countries to identify disparities in response to the access barriers by age, sex, immigrant status, income and the presence of chronic conditions. Results: Overall, one in five adults (21%) experienced multiple barriers before reaching PC practices. After reaching care, an average of 16% of adults had two or more barriers. There was a sixfold difference between nations in the experience of these barriers to access. Vulnerable groups experiencing multiple barriers were relatively consistent across countries. People with lower income were more likely to experience multiple barriers, particularly before reaching primary care practices. Respondents with mental health problems and those born outside the country displayed substantial vulnerability in terms of barriers after reaching care. Conclusion: A greater understanding of the multiple barriers to access to PC across the stages of the care-seeking process may help to inform planning and performance monitoring of disparities in access. Variation across countries may reveal organisational and system drivers of access, and inform efforts to improve access to PC for vulnerable groups. The cumulative nature of these barriers remains to be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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17. Representativeness of personality and involvement preferences in a web-based survey on healthcare decision-making.
- Author
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Birkeland S, Linkhorst T, Haakonsson A, Barry MJ, and Möller S
- Subjects
- Aged, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, Germany, Health Surveys, Humans, Internet, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Neuroticism, New Zealand, Norway, Patient Preference, Prostatic Neoplasms therapy, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Decision Making, Patient Participation, Personality, Prostatic Neoplasms psychology
- Abstract
Background: Obtaining a sample that is representative of the group of interest is of utmost importance in questionnaire studies. In a survey using a state authorized web-portal for citizen communication with authorities, we wanted to investigate the view of adult men on patient involvement in health care decision-making regarding Prostate-Specific Antigen test for prostatic cancer. In this paper, we report on sample characteristics and representativeness of our sample in terms of personality and baseline involvement preferences., Methods: We compared personality profiles (BFI-10) and baseline healthcare decision-making preferences (CPS) in our sample (n = 6756) to internationally available datasets. Pooled data from a) US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (n = 1512), b) Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium (n = 1136), and c) Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark (n = 1313) were used for BFI-10 comparisons. Regarding CPS, we compared our sample with three previous datasets relating to decision-making in cancer (n = 425, 387, and 199)., Results: Although statistically significant differences particularly appeared in large dataset comparisons, sample BFI-10 and CPS profiles mostly were within the range of those previously reported. Similarity was greatest in BFI-10 comparisons with group a) where no statistically significant difference could be established in factors 'agreeableness' and 'neuroticism' (p = .095 and .578, respectively)., Conclusion: Despite some variation, our sample displays personality and baseline preference profiles that are generally similar to those described in previous international studies. For example, this was the case with the BFI-10 'agreeableness' measure (incl. trust and fault-finding items), an important factor in healthcare decision-making.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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