12 results
Search Results
2. Freedom of Scientific Research and Embryo Protection Under Italian and European Court of Human Rights' Jurisprudence. Brief European Legislation Overview.
- Author
-
Montanari Vergallo, Gianluca
- Subjects
STEM cell research laws ,EMBRYOLOGY laws ,INTERNATIONAL relations -- Law & legislation ,EMBRYOS ,JURISPRUDENCE ,ETHNOLOGY research ,STEM cells - Abstract
The paper addresses the issues of admissibility of human embryo research and the legal protection to be recognized, in light of the growing importance that scientific research has been gaining in the clinical and biomedical fields of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes. As for human embryo experimentation, particularly on cryopreserved supernumerary embryos, European legislation varies, since the European Court has granted member States a wide margin of appreciation. Some countries, including Italy, have strict legislation protecting embryos from the fertilisation stage, whereas others have taken permissive approaches, allowing experimentation until 14 days after fertilisation. Science, however, has shown that the 14-day limit can be moved. The author finds it necessary to achieve broad international consensus and shared regulations. Lawmakers, however, need to balance respect for the principle of life, represented by the embryo, against scientific needs, in order to devise sound regulations safeguarding both apparently conflicting fundamental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Childhood Immunisation: Mandate or Persuasion? Italian Lawmakers Have Opted for the Former, What about European Legislators?
- Author
-
Montanari Vergallo, Gianluca, di Luca, Natale Mario, and Zaami, Simona
- Subjects
CHILDREN ,GOVERNMENT securities ,GROUP rights ,PERSUASION (Psychology) ,LEGISLATORS - Abstract
Over the past decades, the number of effective and safe child vaccines available has increased. Yet, more and more parents have become concerned about vaccine safety. The authors address the following question: are vaccinations, especially in children, to be considered as mandatory treatment or should parents be entitled to choose whether to have their children vaccinated or not? In Europe, eleven countries have instituted mandates, whereas others have opted for mere recommendations and rely on information campaigns. Italy is one of those which have recently enacted legislation designed to broaden the scope of mandatory vaccinations. The paper's authors argue that it is certainly hard to draw the line between individual and collective rights, yet it is incumbent upon state authorities to foster the common interest and the public good, which gives governments a right and an obligation to promote immunisation, at least until the safety threshold is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Genetic Discrimination: A Case for a European Legislative Response?
- Author
-
de Paor, Aisling
- Subjects
GENETIC Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (U.S.) ,HUMAN rights ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,DISCRIMINATION against people with disabilities ,GENETIC testing laws ,PREJUDICES ,GENETIC privacy - Abstract
With rapid scientific and technological advances, a new genetic era is emerging. However, these advances raise ethical and legal issues, particularly genetic discrimination, that may threaten advancing science in the absence of appropriate regulation. There is currently no concrete legislative position in this area at EU level, but rather a patchwork of diverging legislative approaches amongst Member States. Genetic discrimination has been singled out as an area of reform in Europe as evidenced, for example in EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Article 21.1 prohibiting discrimination based on ‘genetic features.’ The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also informs this debate and may spur legislative action. From a transatlantic perspective, the United States’ federal legislation (Genetic Information Non Discrimination Act) is noteworthy. Considering scientific and technological developments, the rights at stake and the various regulatory benchmarks, this paper explores the regulation of genetic information in the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Introducing Key Elements Regarding Access to Personal Data for Scientific Research in the Perspective of Developing Innovative Medicines.
- Author
-
Herveg, Jean and Altavilla, Annagrazia
- Subjects
PERSONALLY identifiable information ,RESEARCH ,DATA protection ,PUBLIC sector ,CIVIL rights ,MEDICAL ethics laws ,RIGHT of privacy ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,COMMUNICATION ,MEDICAL research ,DIFFUSION of innovations - Abstract
This article aims at opening discussions and promoting future research about key elements that should be taken into account when considering new ways to organise access to personal data for scientific research in the perspective of developing innovative medicines. It provides an overview of these key elements: the different ways of accessing data, the theory of the essential facilities, the Regulation on the Free Flow of Non-personal Data, the Directive on Open Data and the re-use of public sector information, and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) rules on accessing personal data for scientific research. In the perspective of fostering research, promoting innovative medicines, and having all the raw data centralised in big databases localised in Europe, we suggest to further investigate the possibility to find acceptable and balanced solutions with complete respect of fundamental rights, as well as for private life and data protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Healthcare Resource Allocation and Priority-setting. A European Challenge.
- Author
-
Di Costanzo, Caterina
- Subjects
RESOURCE allocation ,MEDICAL care costs ,FINANCIAL crises ,SOCIAL & economic rights ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
The right to health, as a right to healthcare, represents the most expensive social right in Europe, significantly affecting the total budget of the Member States, both in universal and insurance healthcare systems. No healthcare system provides unlimited healthcare resources to all its users. The resources available for healthcare are limited compared with demand, and all healthcare systems, regardless of their financing and organisation, employ mechanisms to prioritise finite healthcare resources. The progressive increase in healthcare costs in a context of scarce resources, worsened by the fiscal crisis of the 1990s and economic crises spreading in Europe since 2007, has highlighted the ever more urgent need to address the fundamental issues of resource allocation and priority-setting at both European and national levels. Hence, priority-setting is arguably one of the most important health policy issues of our time at global, European and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. European Court of Human Rights.
- Author
-
Dute, Joseph
- Subjects
INVOLUNTARY hospitalization ,MENTAL health laws ,HUMAN rights ,COURTS ,IDENTITY (Psychology) ,MALPRACTICE ,INVOLUNTARY hospitalization -- Law & legislation ,CORRECTIONAL institutions ,HOSPITALS ,JURISPRUDENCE ,PATERNITY ,LEGAL status of psychotherapy patients - Abstract
The article offers information on the human rights cases filed in the European Court of Human Rights. Topics discussed include court case Mifsud v. Malta filed in a court on January 29, 2019 over violation of Article 8 of the European Convention; case of Fernandes de Oliveira v. Portugal over alleged violation of Article 2 of the Convention; and case of Rooman v. Belgium over alleged violation of Article 3 of the Convention.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Property, Control and Separated Human Biomaterials.
- Author
-
Maddox, Neil
- Subjects
BIOMATERIALS ,BIOLOGICAL products ,SPERMATOZOA ,DISPUTE resolution ,ACQUISITION of property ,SOCIAL skills ,EMBRYOS - Abstract
This article examines the relationship between the existence of control rights and property in separated human biomaterials. Much of the theory as to what constitutes property is examined and it is contended that Article 22 of the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine does not presuppose property in such materials. An analysis is undertaken of the case-law relating to control and property in sperm and embryos from the UK, Australia and the US and the shortcomings of utilising the property paradigm in these disputes are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Data Protection Compliance in the Age of Digital Health.
- Author
-
Hordern, Victoria
- Subjects
DATA protection ,DATA security ,MOBILE health ,INFORMATION technology security ,PRIVACY ,RIGHT of privacy ,MEDICAL ethics laws ,DATA security laws ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,MEDICAL research ,ELECTRONIC health records - Abstract
Advances in technology are transforming the way that health data is collected and used. This includes improvements in existing technology as well as innovations in mobile technology such as smartphone apps and wearables. Health data is strictly regulated under the EU Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. Under current data protection rules, health data is broadly interpreted and will, in most circumstances not connected to the provision of healthcare, require organisations to obtain explicit consent from individuals for its collection and use. Further data protection compliance issues arise such as identifying who is a controller, ensuring transparency, using health data for research purposes and keeping health data secure. As the EU data protection landscape is due to change in the next few years and will affect the collection and use of health data, the forthcoming Data Protection Regulation also deserves attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Handling unsolicited findings in clinical care: a legal perspective.
- Author
-
Ploem, Corrette
- Subjects
MEDICAL care research ,DIAGNOSIS ,PROFESSIONAL standards ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
In this article, the phenomenon of unsolicited findings will be explored in the context of European and Dutch legal standards. It focuses on the responsibilities of care providers, and the rights of patients' when unsolicited findings are discovered during regular diagnostics. On the basis of the latter, I will suggest some guidelines for the handling of unsolicited findings in clinical care; in doing so, some attention will be paid to the research context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Convergence in European nations' legal rules concerning the use of human embryos in research?
- Author
-
Zeegers, Nicolie and Zeegers, Nicolle
- Subjects
ECONOMIC convergence ,HUMAN embryo research ,FINANCIAL liberalization ,GOVERNMENT aid to research - Abstract
In this article convergence in European countries' legislative rules concerning the use of embryos in research is studied by looking at how such rules have been formulated in France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. An answer will be given as to whether these countries' rules concerning the use of embryos in research have converged and if so what direction this convergence has taken, either liberalization or an extension of moral regulation by the state. This analysis shows to some extent that liberalization of the legislative rules concerning the use of embryos in research has taken place in these countries but also exposes how EU research funding policy has slowed it down. Subsequently, attention will be paid to the driving forces behind the liberalization as well as the countering forces it evokes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Tobacco Control and The Council of Europe: the Potential and Limits of the Collective Complaints Procedure of the European Social Charter.
- Author
-
Bosi G
- Subjects
- Humans, Europe, Tobacco Control
- Abstract
The role of the Council of Europe (CoE) in tobacco control remains largely unexplored. This paper aims to fill this gap, focusing on the CoE's European Social Charter. Article 11 of the Charter protects the right to health, and adequate tobacco control measures are necessary to respect this article. This paper examines the potential and limits of the Collective Complaints procedure, one of the two monitoring mechanisms of the Charter, as a means to evaluate the compliance of national tobacco control measures with Article 11. It demonstrates that, so far, this mechanism has never been used in this way. However, although the Collective Complaints procedure presents several drawbacks, it should not be underestimated. Indeed, it possesses certain features, such as the collective nature of the complaint and the lack of the requirement of the exhaustion of domestic remedies, which might make it a particularly suitable tool for the abovementioned purpose.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.